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自然资源遥感  2025, Vol. 37 Issue (2): 194-203    DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2023376
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基于生态系统服务的关中平原生态安全格局构建
惠乐1(), 王浩1(), 刘嘉敏1, 唐不甜1, 张伟娟2
1.陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安 710119
2.福建师范大学马克思主义学院,福州 350117
Construction of an ecological security pattern in the Guanzhong Plain based on ecosystem services
HUI Le1(), WANG Hao1(), LIU Jiamin1, TANG Butian1, ZHANG Weijuan2
1. School of Geography and Tourism of Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
2. College of Marxism, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
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摘要 生态安全格局被用来表征生态系统的健康性及可持续性,对增进人类福祉有至关重要的作用。该研究利用水源涵养、土壤保持和生物栖息地提供3种生态系统服务识别关中平原生态源地,并结合区域特征选择水土流失敏感性、归一化植被指数和夜间灯光3种干扰因素,修正基本阻力面,识别生态廊道。结果显示: ①关中平原一级和二级生态源地面积分别为3 011.85 km2和8 434.51 km2,占比分别为5.22%和14.62%,主要分布在南部秦岭山脉、宝鸡北部丘陵沟壑区,以及咸阳、铜川和渭南三市交接县区,以多山、植被覆盖度高为主要特点; ②经过阻力面修正后,关中平原生态廊道减少61条,长度共计减少1 613.4 km,廊道分布发生显著变化,提高了识别的合理性。该研究为构建区域生态安全格局提供了新研究案例,并为关中平原生态保护和城市规划提供了数据参考。
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惠乐
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唐不甜
张伟娟
关键词 ： 关中平原,  生态安全格局,  生态系统服务,  生态廊道    
Abstract：

The ecological security pattern serves as an indicator of ecosystem health and sustainability, playing a crucial role in enhancing human well-being. This study identified ecological source areas in the Guanzhong Plain based on three ecosystem services, including water conservation, soil conservation, and habitat provision. Considering regional characteristics, this study selected soil erosion sensitivity index, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and nighttime lighting as disturbance factors to correct the basic resistance surface and identify ecological corridors. The results indicate that the primary and secondary ecological source areas in the Guanzhong Plain cover 3 011.85 km2 and 8 434.51 km2, respectively, corresponding to 5.22% and 14.62% of the total area. These areas, characterized by mountainous terrain and high vegetation cover, are primarily distributed in the Qinling Mountains in the south, the hilly and gully regions in northern Baoji City, and the junctions of Xianyang, Tongchuan, and Weinan cities. The resistance surface correction for Guanzhong Plain reduced 61 ecological corridors (total length: 1 613.4 km), leading to significant changes in their distribution, and ultimately rationalizing corridor identification. Overall, this study provides a novel case for constructing regional ecological security patterns and data support for ecological conservation and urban planning in the Guanzhong Plain.
Key words： Guanzhong Plain    ecological security pattern    ecosystem services    ecological corridor
收稿日期: 2023-12-13      出版日期: 2025-05-09
ZTFLH:  TP79  
基金资助:陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目“无人机与卫星遥感数据协同的干旱区土壤水分反演研究”(2023-JC-YB-229);国家自然科学基金“社会-生态系统视角下延河流域生态修复调控与优化研究”(42371103)
通讯作者: 王 浩(1986-),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事生态恢复效益评估和生态安全评价研究。Email: foreva@snnu.edu.cn。
作者简介: 惠 乐(2002-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水土资源评价与规划和生态系统服务研究。Email: 2002huile@snnu.edu.cn。
引用本文:   
惠乐, 王浩, 刘嘉敏, 唐不甜, 张伟娟. 基于生态系统服务的关中平原生态安全格局构建[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025, 37(2): 194-203.
HUI Le, WANG Hao, LIU Jiamin, TANG Butian, ZHANG Weijuan. Construction of an ecological security pattern in the Guanzhong Plain based on ecosystem services. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(2): 194-203.
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https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023376      或      https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2025/V37/I2/194
Fig.1  研究区地理位置
数据名称 数据来源 数据描述 数据用途
土地利用 http://www.gscloud.cn/ 人工解译2020年Landsat8影像 计算综合阻力面中区位动力指标
气象数据 http://www.geodata.cn/ 基于地形因子采用全国气象站点数据插值并计算平均值获得 计算水源涵养、生物栖息地提供和水土流失敏感性指标
土壤数据 https://www.resdc.cn/ 基于第二次土壤普查数据获得 计算水源涵养、土壤保持和水土流失敏感性指标
高程数据 http://www.gscloud.cn/ 基于此产品计算坡度 计算水源涵养、生物栖息地提供和本底条件指标
植被覆盖 https://www.resdc.cn/ 基于归一化植被指数数据产品获得 计算水土流失敏感性指数和本底条件指标
净初级生产力 http://www.geodata.cn/ Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA)模型计算获得 计算水源涵养、土壤保持和生物栖息地提供指标
基础地理数据 http://ngcc.sbsm.gov.cn/ 行政区划、道路交通、河流水系等数据 计算综合阻力面中区位动力指标
Tab.1  研究所用数据源
Fig.2  技术路线图
扩张类型 生态用地扩张
阻力因子		 赋值 方向赋值 权重
1 3 5 7 9
本底条件 高程/m [0,200) [200,350) [350,500) [500,650) [650,3 800) 正 0.2
坡度/(°) [0,8) [8,15) [15,25) [25,35) [35,90) 正 0.2
植被覆盖度 (0.5,1] (0.4,0.5] (0.3,0.4] (0.2,0.3] [0,0.2] 负 0.2
土地利用类型 林地 水域 草地 耕地 建设及未利用地 正 0.4
区位动力 距主要道路距离/km [0,1) [1,1.5) [1.5,2) [2,3) ≥3 负 0.45
距居民点距离/km [0,1.5) [1.5,3) [3,5) [5,7) ≥7 负 0.55
生态阻力 土壤保持重要性 一般重要 轻度重要 中度重要 高度重要 极重要 负 0.4
水源敏感性 一般重要 轻度重要 中度重要 高度重要 极重要 负 0.35
生物多样性 一般重要 轻度重要 中度重要 高度重要 极重要 负 0.25
Tab.2  研究区综合阻力面评价指标
Fig.3  生态系统服务重要性评价和生态源地识别结果
生态系统服务
重要性评价		 水源涵养 土壤保持 生物栖息地提供
一般重要 14 391.17 1 698.07 2 807.03
轻度重要 20 946.63 9 708.81 18 475.48
中度重要 10 694.14 21 241.56 15 780.17
高度重要 6 335.01 17 444.72 11 678.72
极重要 2 564.98 4 738.22 6 205.42
Tab.3  生态系统服务重要性评价结果
Fig.4  生态敏感性评价和阻力面计算结果
城市 平均水土流
失敏感性值		 平均归一化
植被指数值		 平均夜间
灯光值		 平均基本
阻力值		 平均修正
阻力值
宝鸡 0.09 0.82 0.001 0.52 0.003
咸阳 0.23 0.70 0.007 0.61 0.005
铜川 0.12 0.79 0.002 0.63 0.004
渭南 0.22 0.68 0.003 0.68 0.005
西安 0.13 0.75 0.019 0.55 0.005
Tab.4  关中平原各城市水土流失敏感性指数、归一化植被指数和夜间灯光平均值
Fig.5  关中平原阻力面修正前后生态廊道图
Fig.6  关中平原生态安全格局图
城市 生态廊道长度 生态廊道
长度变化
基本阻力面 修正阻力面
宝鸡 6 041.02 5 445.91 -595.11
咸阳 2 750.40 1 509.09 -1 241.31
铜川 266.73 377.98 111.25
渭南 1 876.60 1 460.57 -416.03
西安 3 678.54 4 206.35 527.81
Tab.5  关中平原阻力面修正前后生态廊道长度的变化
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