ES change-based ecological restoration zoning for the Hexi region
HUANG Zhuo1,2,3(), SUN Jianguo1,2,3(), FENG Chunyue1,2,3, XU Peng4, YANG Hao1,2,3, HOU Wenbing1,2,3
1. Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China 2. National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China 4. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Ecological restoration zoning is a prerequisite for effective ecological restoration, and currently, the most commonly used zoning method is based on ecosystem services (ES). Most of the previous studies merely focus on the current ES status but ignore its changes, thus failing to reflect the potential and direction of ecological restoration. This study proposed a two-level zoning method for ecological restoration based on ES changes and applied this method to the Hexi region, Gansu Province. First, through Landsat image classification based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study obtained two periods (2005 and 2020) of land use data and calculated the ES sub-value and total value of the two periods of data using the equivalent factor method. Then, this study constructed the level-1 ecological restoration areas (priority restoration area PrR, important restoration area ImR, potential restoration area PoR, important protection area ImP, and priority protection area PrP) through the clustering and outlier analyses of the total ES value changes. Finally, the level-2 ecological restoration zones were determined based on the combined characteristics of changes in the values ES subitems. The results show that: ① Various level-1 areas, i.e., the PrR, ImR, PoR, ImP, and PrP areas account for 0.9%, 7.2%, 78.0%, 13.0%, and 0.9%, respectively. Most of the PoR areas are distributed in the Gobi desert of Hexi region, the PrR and PrP areas are sporadically distributed in the transition zone from the Qilian Mountains to the piedmont grassland, the ImR and ImP zones are mostly distributed in the Qilian Mountains, corridor plains, and mountains in the north. There exit greater potential for the restoration of the ImR areas and the protection of the ImP areas but limited potential for ecological restoration. Furthermore, there is a more urgent need for protection than for restoration; ② The level-2 areas can be classified into 10 categories of restoration areas and six categories of protection areas. The level-2 areas of the ImR and ImP areas are primarily determined based on the synergistic changes in sub-services. Both ecological restoration and protection measures for the Hexi region should focus on the comprehensive enhancement of ES.
Guan Y J, Liu J G, Cui W H, et al. Progress and future direction of ecological restoration research in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(12):1-11.
Li S J, Zheng X, Sui Y Z. Research progress in the evaluation of ecological restoration effects at home and abroad[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(10):4240-4249.
Chen X C, Li X Q, Lyu Y H, et al. Theoretical and technical discussion on the system of ecological space zoning[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(3):843-850.
Song W, Han Z, Liu L. Systematic diagnosis of ecological problems and comprehensive zoning of ecological conservation and restoration for an integrated ecosystem of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands in Shaanxi Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(23):8975-8989.
Ma S F, Lao C H, Jiang H Y. Ecological restoration zoning of territorial space based on the pattern simulation of eco-security scenario:A case study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(9):3441-3448.
Ouyang Z Y, Wang X K, Miao H. A primary study on Chinese terrestrial ecosystem services and their ecological-economic values[J], Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1999, 19(5):607-613.
Yue W Z, Hou L, Xia H X, et al. Territorially ecological restoration zoning and optimization strategy in Guyuan City of Ningxia,China:Based on the balance of ecosystem service supply and demand[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(1):149-158.
Liu C F, Li P J, Liu L C, et al. Ecological restoration zoning of provincial territorial space in the ecologically fragile areas of Northwest China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(17):254-263.
[14]
Comín F A, Miranda B, Sorando R, et al. Prioritizing sites for ecological restoration based on ecosystem services[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 55(3):1155-1163.
doi: 10.1111/jpe.2018.55.issue-3
Ni Q L, Hou H P, Ding Z Y, et al. Ecological remediation zoning of territory based on the ecological security pattern recognition:Taking Jiawang district of Xuzhou City as an example[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(1):204-216.
doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20200117
Dan Y Z, Peng J, Zhang Z M, et al. Territorially ecological restoration zoning based on the framework of degradation pressure,supply state and restoration potential:A case study in the Pearl River Delta region[J] Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(23):8451-8460.
Fu M D, Tang W J, Liu W W, et al. Ecological risk assessment and spatial identification of ecological restoration from the ecosystem service perspective:A case study in source region of Yangtze River[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(10):3846-3855.
Zhang J Y, Li Y, Zhao W Z, et al. Tracking analysis on changes of ecological patterns in Hexi Corridor Region[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2015, 31(3):5-10.
[19]
谢丽丽. 河西走廊生态保护修复现状及优化路径[J]. 发展, 2021(7):68-69.
Xie L L. Status quo and optimization path of ecological protection and restoration of Hexi Corridor[J]. Developing, 2021(7):68-69.
[20]
Ge Y, Hu S, Ren Z, et al. Mapping annual land use changes in China’s poverty-stricken areas from 2013 to 2018[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2019, 232:111285.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111285
[21]
Wohlfart C, Mack B, Liu G, et al. Multi-faceted land cover and land use change analyses in the Yellow River Basin based on dense Landsat time series:Exemplary analysis in mining,agriculture,forest,and urban areas[J]. Applied Geography, 2017, 85:73-88.
doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.06.004
Xie G D, Zhang C X, Zhang L M, et al. Improvement of the evaluation method for ecosystem service value based on per unit area[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015, 30(8):1243-1254.
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.08.001
[23]
Robert C, Ralph D, Rudolf D G, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature:International Weekly Journal of Science, 1997, 387(6630).
Ouyang X, Zhu X, He Q Y. Incorporating ecosystem services with ecosystem health for ecological risk assessment:A case study in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(16):5478-5489.
[25]
Xie G, Zhang C, Zhen L, et al. Dynamic changes in the value of China’s ecosystem services[J]. Ecosystem Services, 2017(26):146-154.
Shu B, Li Y Z, Wang L, et al. Spatial and temporal dynamic changes of land use and ecosystem service value in Leshan City[J]. Ecological Science, 2022, 41(1):159-168.
Xu C J, Jin S M, Wang Y. Natural suitability evaluation of human settlements in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on GIS[J]. Ecological Science, 2020, 39(6):93-103.
Li C H, Fan Y P, Cao H J, et al. Impact of human activities on net primary productivity based on the CASA model:A case study of the Shiyang River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2018, 41(1):142-151.
Yang X D, Bai Y P, Che L, et al. Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of ecological security pattern in Gansu Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(14):4785-4793.
Hou Q, Zhang B, He H, et al. Spatiotemporal variation of dry-hot wind events in the Hexi region in recent 50 years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(2):403-411.
Xu C J, Jia S H, Bai Y S, et al. Discussion on the construction of water conservation and artificial vegetation in the desert area and water conservation area of the Hexi Corridor[J]. Water Resources Planning and Design, 2022(4):89-92.