高分辨率遥感技术在川西毛垭坝地区活动断裂研究中的应用

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2023074

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摘要

高分辨率遥感技术对构造微地貌精细结构的识别能力大大地提高了活动断层调查的效率。该文在系统总结活动断裂遥感影像标志的基础上,综合利用Landsat8和GF-2这2种影像数据,采用宏观地貌到微地貌的遥感解译方法,结合前人研究成果和野外实地考察,对川西毛垭坝地区的活动断裂进行了分析与研究。研究表明,除义敦—理塘断裂带以外,研究区还发育数条呈近EW向具正断裂性质的活动断裂。综合区域地质背景分析认为,在印度板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞挤压背景下,青藏高原东南缘地壳物质不断横向挤出,发育了右旋走滑的巴塘断裂和左旋走滑的理塘断裂2组共轭断裂。在2者的共同控制作用下,研究区正处于局部伸展阶段,并发育了近EW向的断裂构造,这些断裂控制了大毛垭坝、小毛垭坝以及北侧的措普盆地的发展与演化。

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	尹滔
	宋元宝
	张伟
	袁华云

关键词 ：高分辨率遥感, 解译标志, 理塘断裂, 活动断裂, 川滇地区

Abstract：

High-resolution remote sensing technology can greatly enhance the efficiency of investigations into active faults due to its high ability to identify the fine structures of microlandforms. This study presents a systematic summary of the symbols of remote sensing images for active faults. By comprehensively utilizing data from the Landsat8 and GF-2 satellites, as well as previous results and field geological surveys, this study analyzed and examined the active faults in the Maoyaba area of western Sichuan Province through the interpretation of remote sensing images of both macro- and microlandforms. The results show that, besides the Yidun-Litang fault zone, several nearly-W-E-trending normal active faults occur in the study area. Based on this finding, as well as the analysis of the regional geological setting, it can be concluded that crustal materials along the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were continuously squeezed out laterally under the background of the intense collision and compression between the Indian and Eurasian plates, leading to the formation of two conjugate faults: the dextral Batang strike-slip fault and the sinistral Litang strike-slip fault. The joint control of both faults resulted in the local extension of the study area and the formation of nearly-W-E-trending fault structures, which govern the development and evolution of the Damaoyaba Basin, the Xiaomaoyaba Basin, and the Cuopu Basin in the north.

Key words： high-resolution remote sensing interpretation symbol Litang fault active fault Sichuan-Yunnan region

收稿日期: 2023-03-21 出版日期: 2024-09-03

ZTFLH:

TP79

基金资助:四川省甘孜藏族自治州地方财政资金项目甘孜州1:25万活断层普查项目(513320201900014801)

作者简介: 尹滔(1983-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事资源与遥感技术应用研究。Email: 406593621@qq.com。

引用本文:

尹滔, 宋元宝, 张伟, 袁华云. 高分辨率遥感技术在川西毛垭坝地区活动断裂研究中的应用[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2024, 36(3): 174-186.
YIN Tao, SONG Yuanbao, ZHANG Wei, YUAN Huayun. Application of high-resolution remote sensing technology to research into active faults in the Maoyaba area, western Sichuan Province. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2024, 36(3): 174-186.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023074 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2024/V36/I3/174

Fig.1 川滇地区活动断裂分布图

Fig.2-1 研究区地质背景及活动断裂分布图

Fig.2-2 研究区地质背景及活动断裂分布图
(F1: 章德断裂; F2: 大毛垭坝北缘断裂; F6: 小毛垭坝北缘断裂; F8: 小毛垭坝南缘断裂; F12: 大毛垭坝南缘断裂)

Fig.3 研究区主要活动断裂分布特征及遥感解译标志

Fig.4 典型宏观地貌ETM影像

Fig.5-1 典型微地貌GF-2影像

Fig.5-2 典型微地貌GF-2影像

断层编号	断层名称	走向	断层性质	倾向	长度/km	遥感解译标志	参考文献
F1	章德断裂	NW	正断层兼左旋	SW	>45	宏观地貌标志: 线性沟谷、线性水体等微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎、线性水系边界、串珠状泉眼、冲沟错断等	[21]
F2	大毛垭坝北缘断裂	NW- NWW	正断层兼左旋	S- SW	>24	宏观地貌标志: 线性沟谷、断层崖、线性水体、山体错断、断陷盆地等微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎、线性水系边界、串珠状泉眼、地震沟槽、反向陡坎、冲沟错断、陡坎错断、冲沟直角弯曲、断头沟、断尾沟等	[12,22]
F3	卓龙沃如马断裂	NW	正断层	SW	>8	宏观地貌标志: 线性沟谷、山体错断等微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎、线性水系边界、串珠状泉眼、断头沟等	本文
F4	阿加洼弄断裂	NW	正断层	SW	>12	宏观地貌标志: 线性沟谷、山体错断等微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎、线性水系边界、串珠状泉眼、断头沟等	本文
F5	木查断裂	NW	—	—	>18	宏观地貌标志: 山体错断、断层崖、线性沟谷等微地貌标志: 线性水系边界、串珠状泉眼、断头沟、断尾沟等	本文
F6	小毛垭坝北缘断裂	EW	正断层	S	>30	宏观地貌标志: 断层崖、线性沟谷、线性水体、山体错断、断陷盆地等微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎、线性水系边界、串珠状泉眼、地震沟槽、冲沟错断、陡坎错断、断头沟、断尾沟等	[21]
F7	丫俄断裂	NW	—	—	>6	宏观地貌标志: 线性沟谷微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎	本文
F8	小毛垭坝南缘断裂	EW	正断层	S	>15	宏观地貌标志: 线性沟谷、线性水体等微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎、线性水系边界、串珠状泉眼、地震沟槽、反向陡坎、冲沟错断、断头沟、断尾沟等	本文
F9	牧业村断裂	NNW	—	—	>8	宏观地貌标志: 线性沟谷微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎、线性水系边界、断头沟等	本文
F10	禾然色巴村断裂	NNE	—	—	>15	宏观地貌标志: 线性沟谷、线性水体等微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎、线性水系边界、串珠状泉眼等	本文
F11	无量河断裂	NWW	正断层兼左旋	SSW	>18	宏观地貌标志: 线性沟谷、线性水体等微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎、线性水系边界、串珠状泉眼、地震沟槽、冲沟错断、陡坎错断等	[18]
F12	大毛垭坝南缘断裂	EW	正断层	N	>40	宏观地貌标志: 线性沟谷、断层崖、线性水体、断陷盆地等微地貌标志: 线性断层陡坎、线性水系边界、串珠状泉眼、地震沟槽、冲沟错断、陡坎错断、冲沟直角弯曲、断头沟、断尾沟等	[23]

Tab.1 研究区主要活动断裂构造特征及遥感解译标志

Fig.6 毛垭坝盆地北部乱石包远程滑坡

Fig.7 反向陡坎微地貌

Fig.8 活动断裂附近的温泉

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