The concentrations of negative oxygen ions and particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) serve as important indicators in the assessment of the degrees of air freshness and cleanliness. Based on 2018-2022 data from 50 negative oxygen ion observation stations affiliated with the Fujian meteorological departments, along with the ecological parameters such as aerosol, vegetation index, and surface brightness temperature obtained by satellite-based remote sensing inversion, this study built estimation models for the concentrations of negative oxygen ions and PM2.5 using the Cubist machine learning method. Accordingly, it developed an air freshness index (AFI), and the fine-scale mesh-based monitoring of regional air freshness was achieved. The results show that the estimation model for the negative oxygen ion concentration yielded goodness of fit of 0.838 and 0.526 for the training and test sets, respectively. In comparison, the estimation model for the PM2.5 concentration exhibited goodness of fit of 0.968 and 0.867 for the training and test sets, respectively. Then, this study developed the AFI by comprehensively considering negative oxygen ions and PM2.5. Then, this study graded the AFI using the frequency quartiles of the statistical data series combined with the spatiotemporal changes in negative oxygen ions. The results indicate that the AFI monitoring results based on meteorology, remote sensing, and machine learning algorithms are consistent with the actual conditions.
Tab.3 Annual average NOI concentration at different elevations of 10 typical landscapes in study area (个/cm3)
百分位数 (部分)
ln(AFI)
AFI
NOI浓度/ (个·cm-3)
PM2.5质量浓 度/(μg·m-3)
15%
3.6
37
993
26.8
20%
3.8
45
1 198
26.6
25%
4.0
54
1 347
24.9
30%
4.2
65
1 422
21.9
35%
4.3
77
1 491
19.4
40%
4.5
93
1 595
17.2
45%
4.7
111
1 628
14.7
50%
4.9
131
1 656
12.6
55%
5.0
156
1 741
11.2
60%
5.2
187
1 780
9.5
65%
5.4
226
1 925
8.5
70%
5.6
275
2 171
7.9
75%
5.8
339
2 221
6.3
80%
6.1
426
2 511
5.9
85%
6.3
561
2 802
5.0
90%
6.8
791
3 644
4.6
91%
6.8
856
4 040
4.5
95%
7.2
1343
4 935
3.7
Tab.4 AFI及其对数的百分位数
等级
等级说明
NOI浓度界限值/ (个·cm-3)
AFI界限值/ (μg·m-3)
1
非常清新
≥2 800
≥561
2
很清新
[2 000,2 800)
[226,561)
3
清新
[1 600,2 000)
[93,226)
4
较不清新
[1 200,1 600)
[45,93)
5
不清新
<1200
<45
Tab.5 基于气象和遥感因子的AFI等级
Fig.7 福建省空气清新度精细化网格监测
气候康养福地
空气清新度监测模型
气候康养福地
空气清新度监测模型
AFI等级
NOI浓度估算值/ (个·cm-3)
AFI等级
NOI浓度估算值/ (个·cm-3)
福州市闽清县七叠温泉
1级
3 165
龙岩市新罗区培斜村
1级
3 007
福州市福清市大山村
2级
2 298
三明市漳平市永福镇
2级
2 115
厦门市同安区顶村村
1级
3 525
三明市大田县屏山乡
2级
2 064
厦门市海沧区森林公园
2级
2 284
三明市明溪县夏阳乡
1级
2 937
莆田市仙游县西苑乡
1级
3 092
三明市尤溪县度假区
2级
2 525
泉州市德化县国宝乡
1级
3 410
南平市政和县杨源乡
3级
1 867
泉州市永春县牛姆林区
1级
3 134
南平市建阳区黄坑镇
2级
2 530
泉州市永春县苏坑镇
1级
3 021
南平市延平区上洋村
2级
2 088
泉州市南安市向阳乡
1级
3 159
宁德市福安市白云山
1级
2 834
漳州市南靖县土楼景区
1级
2 904
宁德市屏南县寿山乡
2级
2 567
漳州市龙海区鹭凯庄园
2级
2 163
宁德市屏南县龙潭村
1级
2 812
龙岩市武平县城厢镇
2级
2 567
宁德市古田县泮洋乡
1级
3 167
Tab.6 福建省24个“气候康养福地”空气清新度等级和NOI浓度估算值
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2024, Vol. 36 
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