Jinhu coastal area urban land distribution maps in 1990, 2000 and 2010 were compiled with the help of Erdas and ArcGIS, and they served as the basis for urban spatial expansion simulation. The authors used urban CA model which had time and space dynamic constraints to simulate Jinhu coastal area urban spatial form of 2020. The advanced nature of this model lies in the multi-time interval phase transition rule. It uses transition probability matrix to predict urban land total quantity as constraints of CA model, and utilizes logistic regression to adjust the transition rule of CA model. The authors calculated landscape pattern indexes of various stages and drew the following conclusions: the urban land shape complicated unceasingly, and the degree of fragmentation increased from 1990 to 2010; nevertheless, the urban land shape was becoming regularized and the degree of fragmentation tends to decline from 2010 to 2020. During the period of 1990-2020, the average patch size is on the rise, the influence of the largest patch is enlarging year by year, and the accumulation of urban land is accelerated. The geographical space of cities in Jinhu coastal area is gradually narrowed and, with the improvement of regional transportation conditions, the spatial integrated development of Jinhu will become an inevitable trend.

With the support of remote sensing and GIS technologies,the shoreline information of the Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve in Shanghai obtained in 2001,2005 and 2008 was interpreted respectively through an ArcInfo embedded software,shorelineExtractor,which integrates unsupervised classifiers,map generalization,discrete surface features removal and shoreline tracking. The extracted shorelines were re-sampled at 30,90,150,210,and 270 m respectively to compute the fractal dimensions. A consequent analysis of the shoreline lengths,shoal areas and key positions experiencing growth was conducted in detail. The results demonstrate that there are remarkable differences between the positions of silt growth in three shoals of the Jiuduansha Islands,i.e. upper,middle and lower shoals. The silt growth is dramatically fast in northern upper shoal,northeastern and southwestern middle shoal,and northeastern and southwestern lower shoal. The growths of shoreline length and shore area have the same tendency,indicating a fast growth in upper shoal,a moderate growth in lower shoal and a slow growth in middle shoal. In addition,the fractal property of the Jiuduansha Island is evident, with high values of goodness-of-fit. The fractal dimension of the whole Jiuduansha Island was growing from 2001 to 2008, and the fractal dimensions of upper and middle shoals are less than the dimension of the whole Jiuduansha,whereas the fractal dimension of lower shoal is larger than that of the whole Jiuduansha.

 The methods for supervised and unsupervised classification of remote sensing images are reviewed in this paper. The main problems discussed include the merits, shortages and application fields and conditions of these methods. An integrated evaluation of these methods is also given. The future developing trends and the key points in the study of remote sensing image classification are dealt with at the end of this paper.

The Urban heat island （UHI） effect has been increasing so prominently that the measures for quantitative monitoring, analysis and evaluation of the UHI effect have become one of the most important fields in current urban climate and environment researches. This paper deals systematically with data sources, methods and results of applying remote sensing to the study of urban heat island,  and gives a detailed review of researches on UHI conducted by experts all over the world in such aspects as its thermal pattern, process change regularity and causes. On such a basis, the paper predicts the development trend of applying remote sensing to studying urban heat island in future.

Extraterrestrial Solar Spectral Irradiance (ESSI) is an important parameter for calculating Band Mean Solar Irradiances (BMSI) of different satellites. In order to probe into the problem as to which ESSI dataset could acquire a more accurate BMSI result, the authors selected 4 ESSI datasets, namely SBDART simulated solar spectrum dataset, oldkur.dat dataset from MODTRAN4.0, Thuillier solar spectrum dataset and WRC solar spectrum dataset, to calculate BMSI for HJ-1A CCD1(B1-B4), CBERS-02 CCD(B1-B5), Landsat5 TM(B1-B4) and ASTER (B1-B8).A comparison was made between the calculated BMSI result and the BMSI result published by satellite operators.It is found that the calculated BMSI results using WRC solar spectrum dataset and SBDART dataset have a smaller error in comparison with published BMSI, followed by oldkur.dat, while the calculated BMSI results using Thuillier solar spectrum dataset have larger errors than other datasets.

Compared with traditional survey technologies, mobile laser scanning has many advantages. Its characteristics make it possible to rapidly acquire large-area high-precision 3D spatial data for reconstruction of 3D (three-dimensional) model. This paper focuses on the classification of mobile laser scanning data. The authors present a multi-level classification method based on object feature extraction, namely extraction of main features by PCA(Principal Component Analysis). This method was applied to blocks point data obtained by mobile laser scanning, and the results show that the proposed classification method is promising.

Smart city is the inevitable choice for the development of China’s new urbanization. As a product of informatization and urban integration, smart city is gradually realized as an efficient and fine tool for managing people, money, material and things intelligently. The study of influence of UAV remote sensing technology in the construction of intelligent city plays an important role in accelerating the construction of smart cities. In this paper, the authors first reviewed the definition and development status of smart city, and then introduced the applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from urban planning, illegal construction supervision, engineering environmental management, waste management, intelligent transportation, and other aspects.Finally, the development tendency was discussed.

Using computer image integration technique, the multiple geoscience information such as geological, remote sensing, hydtogeological, geophysical and geochemical informations are comprehensively processed The technique consists of the information input, registration, interpolation, and the enhancement, decomposition, abstraction, classification, overlay and combination process procedures. This technique has been tested on Shengyuan Basin. The Geological environment of the basin was studied by image enhancement and overlay technique. It is suggested that the basin was a volcanic centre of central eruption during the late jurassic and was superimposed by polygonal block-faulting during Cretaceous, forming a ring-block model of ore-field structure. The U, Th, K distribution pattern and its geological. significance have been analyzed using the decomposition and overlay technique of image information. It has been pointed out that the above pattern .is. controlled by the stratigraphic-structural factors, esp cially the high-content field of uranium, besides the NE and EW trending faults, the SN trending. fault-system is of great: importance in controlling the distribution of uranium in the region. On the basis of compositing and abstracting the prospecting criteria the target areas have been preliminarily selected. An information classification was used for the general evaluation of uranium resources in Shengyuan Basin With the help of the information procesing technique on computer some new insights about basic geological problem in this previously well-studied region have been obtained. Six promising areas have been selected and tested. Based on the research work mentioned above, a comprehensive technique system of multiple geological information image integration for uranium resource evaluation has been preliminarily established.

With the further development of geological tourist resources, a large number of geoparks are established, which urgently needs the comprehensive and systematic investigation of the geo-heritage, finding out the quantity, quality and traits. With remote sensing technology, the distribution of the regional geo-heritage can be fully understood, new geo-heritage can be explored and expanded and the existing geo-heritage can be monitored and protected. The successive launch of the domestic satellites provides great convenience for the remote sensing investigation of geo-heritage. This paper takes Jixian National Geopark as an example, probing into the application of ZY1-02C satellite to the investigation of geo-heritage. The interpreting marks of middle-upper Proterozoic strata are created by using images, and combined with GF-2 satellite image, the typical geological formation is derived and analyzed, finally generating the 3D image of Panshan granitic geomorphologic landscape, which forms the direct material for the visiting route in the geopark. The result indicates that the data of ZY1-02C satellite has clear texture, better for the subdivision of stratigraphic unit; the 3D remote sensing visual scene produced by the combination of GF-2 satellite image and DEM is worth the reference for the selection of the visiting route in the geopark.

From the viewpoint of targets of remote sensing monitoring for mine exploitation and

mine environment and on the basis of image characteristics of the monitoring targets, the authors

analyzed the detection capabilities of this means for different data sources such as high spatial

resolution, hyperspectrum, microwave and thermal infrared remote sensing, and summarized

comprehensively the application situation, existing problems, major research fields and key

technologies. The authors also tentatively put forward some methods for solving these problems in

the remote sensing monitoring of mines.

 It is indicated that atmospheric correction for optical remote sensing is absolutely necessary for quantitative remote sensing. The atmospheric correction methods can be grouped into four types, namely, relative correction based on image information, linear regression based on ground spectra, radiative transfer models and composite models. Their advantages and disadvantages as well as their adaptability or effective factors are analyzed in this paper. Some thoughts on the future development of atmospheric correction for optical remote sensing are also put forward in the end of this paper.

The Great Dyke in Zimbabwe, which possesses abundant platinum, palladium, gold, chromium, nickel, copper and some other resources, is a major intrusion of mafic and ultramafic rocks formed at 2.5 Ga and one of the key regions for mineral exploration abroad. In order to attain the aim of "going out" for China's mineral exploration and provide basic geological information of geological survey and mineral exploration in the area of the Great dyke, the authors carried out the systematic interpretation of geometric elements and geological characteristics of the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe based on the ETM⁺ data and verified the division of the magma chamber of the Dyke. Combined with the ZY-1 02C high spatial resolution satellite data, the authors identified and interpreted the shape, lithology, interior structures and mining activities of the Selukwe Subchamber. The results achieved show that, because of the difference between the west and east host rocks, the Selukwe Subchamber underwent deformations of different intensities. The ultramafic layers should be regarded as the major layers for the chromite exploration. Furthermore, the authors have discussed the method of "five scales" of the remote sensing technique in the geological survey abroad and provided the technical support for the remote sensing application.

More and more modern high resolution optical remote sensing satellites are being equipped with TDI CCD cameras. Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is an authoritative means in evaluating the quality and implementation capability of the imaging system. For the purpose of evaluating the satellite criteria in the phase of production, it is necessary to simulate images with the satellite MTF criteria in enough reality. Based on a detailed analysis of the relationship between the satellite criteria and the on-orbit satellite TDI CCD imaging degeneration, this paper gives a method for the simulation of the degeneration process. With the method, a soft ware system was built to simulate the on-orbit imaging process of the designed satellite, which can provide the application experts with a powerful tool to judge the satellite in designing and production.

In the rainy and foggy areas,the images acquired by GeoEye-1 satellite are often affected by haze. Because of the influence of the absorption,refraction,reflection and scattering role of the haze on the electromagnetic waves,the image clarity is decreased. Therefore,it is necessary to eliminate the impact of the haze on the image as much as possible so as to effectively improve the quality of images. Using ENVI software as an image processing platform,the authors selected the "homomorphic filtering" and "wavelet transform" methods commonly used in China and abroad and the "band calculation composition" method proposed in this paper to make a comparative study of the effects of haze elimination for the GeoEye-1 image. The results show that the use of "band calculation composition" to remove the haze from GeoEye-1 image has a good effect.

Texture plays a very important role in image retrieval and classification, and texture feature extraction has been a research hotspot. Most present existing texture extraction algorithms can be only used to calculate texture features of gray image. Texture extraction algorithm for color image is very few. Referring to the analytical method of gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM),the authors analyzed the influence law of parameters (direction,distance,grayscale,window size)on GLCM texture features of color image. A color image texture feature extraction method(color GLCM,CGLCM)based on GLCM was realized. Through analyzing the influence law of these parameters on four texture features(ASM(angular second moment),Entropy,Contrast,Correlation),a proper parameter value range was given and the CGLCM method was optimized. The results of comparing CGLCM method with GLCM method show that the four texture features calculated with CGLCM method have better robustness and identification capability. These results can provide reference for image retrieval and classification based on texture information.

 Spectral reflectance characteristics of rock，soil and vegetation are analyzed based on  field data，and a new method

for studying the geometric structure and spatial relationship of typical objects in the spectral feature space is put forward. In

addition, the distribution pattern and relation of typical objects in the spectral feature space within medium vegetation covered

mineral alteration areas are summarized. These conclusions serve as the scientific basis for mineral alteration information

extraction and are also useful to improving the method for extracting mineral alteration information.

Based on analyzing the present situation and developing trend of remote sensing, considering the demandof economic and social sustainable development for mineral resources, energy and geological information, and integrating and constructing three RS-based application technology systems and two information service systems under the guidance of geological theory, earth system theory and complexity sciences theory, the author suggests the strategic orientations of geological remote sensing technological development, which include the application technology system for geological exploration and mineral resources assessment, the technological and operational system for monitoring geological disasters and geological environment, the technological and operational system for monitoring mining activities and mine environment, the service system of satellite data acquirement and geological application, and the entirely digitized comprehensive aerial remote sensing system. The objective lies in promoting the transformation from qualitative to quantitative in geological analysis, from single to integrative in technique application, and from data-based to informational in service. The major research fields and their research situation, the existent problems and the key techniques are also discussed in this paper.

 The extraction of road from the high resolution remote sensing image remains an open question in spite of the fact that lots of efforts have been made in this area. This paper describes the road feature, road model and the basic idea, analyses the methods for road extraction. The thought and the plans of further research on this subject are also presented.

A new method for extraction of built-up land information both in suburban area and in urban district by using Landsat TM/ETM⁺ imagery is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to suppress the information of bare soil with the middle-infrared(TM7), near-infrared(TM4) and green band (TM2), it is necessary to build a secondary index, which is called normalized difference bareness and built-up index(NDBBI). At the same time, to enhance the information of bare soil from existing indices of bare soil index(BSI)and modified normalized difference water index(MNDWI), another secondary index is built, which is called enhanced bare soil index(EBSI). Finally, the indices of NDBBI, EBSI, SAVI and MNDWI are applied to constructing a new index for delineating built-up land features in satellite imagery, which is called enhanced index-based built-up index(EIBI). The new index(EIBI)can be employed to extract the built-up land information both in suburban area and in urban district. This approach has been successful in Fuzhou and Zhangzhou experimental regions. Built-up features can be extracted objectively and sufficiently with the accuracy above 90%.

Based on an analysis of remote sensing data sources, the authors classify the methods into five categories, i.e., visual interpretation, ratio of index analysis, correspondence analysis, spatial structure analysis, and object-oriented information extraction, and summarize their characteristics and application fields. The research direction and development trends are also predicted, which include such application fields as hyper-spectral remote sensing data, artificial intelligence, expert systems and non-linear theory.

Taking the interaction between spatial and temporal resolution of remote sensing data into consideration, the authors hold that there is no satellite sensor that can produce images with both high spatial and temporal resolution, and spatiotemporal fusion of remote sensing data is an effective method to solve this problem. This paper introduces main research achievements of spatiotemporal fusion model obtained both in China and abroad. Based on the comparative analysis of the mainstream fusion models, these models can be divided into two categories, i.e., the transformation-based model and the pixel-reconstruction-based model. Furthermore, the authors divide the pixel-reconstruction-based model into mixed linear model and spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance model, and then introduce the basic principles, methods of these models. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various aspects of the model. At last, the data, application and scale prospect of spatiotemporal fusion models are put forward.

This paper has compared the effectivenesses of different water body indices which are applied to

identify water bodies based on the MODIS data. The results show that the Combined Index of NDVI and MIR for Water

Body Identification (CIWI) is the most effective index for water body identification when the MODIS data are used.

In calculating CIWI by using the MODIS reflectance data with 0 as the distinguishing value, the constant in the

expression of CIWI is -0.85. It is also shown that the MODIS data are unsuitable for small water body

identification because their spatial resolution is not very high.

Thermal infrared remote sensing is one of the focuses in remote sensing investigations all over the world, and the retrieving of land surface temperature is an important research field. This paper has analyzed the difficulties in the inversion process and summed up several methods for estimating ground absolute emissivity. Three inversion methods and their main merits and shortcomings, their application fields and conditions are described, and the future development trends as well as the key points in the inversion of land surface temperature are also dealt with in the end of this paper.

This paper has discussed the application of remote sensing to the monitoring of mineral resources

exploration and mine environment according to the government requirements, and analyzed in detail the problems in

regional monitoring. The remote sensing monitoring technology for the exploration of mineral resources is also

proposed in this paper.

In the light of the application of land and resources and on the basis of the “indicator-simulation-assessment-revised targets-simulation-assessment” model, the authors established an assessment system composed of four components, i.e., software system, hardware system, technical standard and technical method. A relatively perfect assessment and evaluation system based on the application evaluation of land and resources was also built. This research provides new thoughts and new technical system support for the development and data application of satellites in China.

 Funded by Ministry of Land and Resources of China, China Geological Survey and  National High Technology Research and

Development Program of China (National 863 Program), the Hyperspectral Research Group of China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote

Sensing Center for Land and Resources (AGRS) has made remarkable scientific achievements in hyperspectral mineral identification

and mineral mapping since the implementation of  the ‘Ninth Five-Year Plan’. These  achievements include: (1) the analysis of

features of rock and mineral spectra and  influencing factors, (2) mineral identification, abundance estimation and component

derivation, (3) multispectral and hyperspectral data processing and mineral mapping in mid-thermal infrared spectral region, (4)

geological application model, working methods and technical processes, and  technology systematic architecture of hyperspectral

mineral mapping, and (5) applications of mineral mapping in such fields as regional mineral survey, geological exploration,

metallogenic and prospecting modeling, plant geochemical detection, mining environmental monitoring, and lunar and planetary

exploration. These achievements are reviewed and summarized in this paper, and the development tendency and research orientations

in hyperspectral mineral mapping are also discussed.

Algorithms for identifying convexity-concavity of a simple polygon has a very important application in many fields. The authors analyzed the present popular algorithms for identifying convexity-concavity of a simple polygon such as angling method, left-right-point method, vector-area method, vector-product method, raying method, slopping method and extremity-vertices-order method. A detailed derivation of these algorithms has revealed that these algorithms can all use the formula b=p*m as the expression, and are equivalent to each other in nature; nevertheless, the pole-order method still have some problems to be further studied. Based on an analysis of the computation, the authors hold that theoretically the vector-product method, the slopping method and the raying method could be used effectively in programming.

 In this paper, basic characteristics of the wavelet base are analyzed, and a common method for choosing

wavelet bases in compression of the remote sensing image based on wavelet transform is described briefly. Eight

images with different representative ground objects were respectively compressed with four kinds of representative

wavelet bases in a wavelet transform coding experiment. The application effects of these wavelet bases were

evaluated by five methods. The results show that the application effect of wavelet base D (9, 7) is the best. On

such a basis, an improved method for choosing wavelet bases is proposed.

Hyperspectral image is a new kind of remote sensing images with the feature of "combining mapping and spectra into one",thus better expressing the subtle differences on the surface of the material through the continuous spectral curve. Hyperspectral images have a wide range of applications in such aspects as classification,unmixing and target detection. With the continuous development of hyperspectral remote sensing technology,anomaly target detection has become one of the most active direction of research because it doesn't need a priori information. Many anomaly target detection algorithms have been proposed. Based on data available both in China and abroad,this paper summarized the research situation and new progress in anomaly detection algorithms. The author first expounded the essence of hyperspectral anomaly target detection and used the basic theory and then analyzed and summed up some representative anomaly detection algorithms in such aspects as the ideas of algorithm,key technology,advantages and disadvantages. On such a basis, the author summarized and described the evaluation method of anomaly detection and discussed the future development trend of anomaly target detection algorithm, with the purpose of finding new breakthroughs in the study of the algorithm of hyperspectral anomaly target detection.

The acquisition of high-spectrum and high-resolution satellite data has experienced a period of more than ten years, with abundant data of high resolution satellite images stored in the archives. Such kinds of information as small faults, bonanzas and stocks (dykes) can be interpreted by these high resolution remote sensing data, which seem to be closely related to numerous metal deposits in normal cases. This method can therefore serve as a means in search for metallic deposits.

The planetary surface roughness is the record of erosion, deposition, uplift and other geological processes on the planetary surface, and hence serves as a prediction for the geological age of the planetary surface. In this paper, twelve profiles were selected in the horizontal direction of the Sinus Iridum in the moon, and several parameters of roughness of those profiles were studied. Some results have been obtained: 1The average of RMS height along the profile 1 km in length is about 3m. In addition, within the research scale selected in this paper (0.2~3 km), the slope of Sinus Iridum area does not exceed 2?. This means that the surface of Sinus Iridum is relatively smooth. 2Hurst exponent of Sinus Iridum is mainly concentrated from 0.5 to 0.78, which means that the surface morphology is rather homogeneous. 3Low latitude areas(lower than 44.3癗)have relatively high Hurst exponent (from 0.6 to 0.8), and high latitude areas(higher than 44.3癗)usually have lower Hurst exponent (from 0.5 to 0.8). 4The roughness may be used as a means to determine the relative geological age.

Geometrical registration and threshold selection in remotely sensed image variation detection have been discussed in this paper. The detection of remotely sensed image variation was performed technically by using MATLAB. It is noticed that the general mathematical computing software MATLAB has been extended to a new application area, and a technical means for rapid development of remotely sensed image processing software has been explored.

 Based on simulations using the SAIL bidirectional canopy reflectance model coupled with the PROSPECT leaf optical properties model, the authors have obtained the vegetation LAI. The FLAASH model is used to ensure the accuracy of atmospheric correction. The LOPEX93 database and the JHU spectral library are employed to identify the input value of the model. The canopy reflectance is the key node to relate the PROSPECT+SAIL model and the remote sensing data, and hence the LAI can be retrieved from leaf biochemical properties, LAD and remote sensing data. In situ measurements of LAI are used to test the simulation results, and the error sources are analyzed.

Precision-farming is an essential part of modern agriculture. Precise management could be achieved by acquiring the field information on crops and their growing environment. Field management such as seeding, fertilizing, irrigating and harvesting could be optimized according to the spatial and temporal difference in crop and soil status. Along with the fast development of remote sensing technology, this technology has become an essential component part of precise farming and has been widely used in providing guidance for irrigation, fertilization, weed control, pest control and harvest. Remote sensing can be used to provide basic information of the field (field infrastructure and plot distribution) for farming management as well as to monitor dynamics of crop growing and such relevant environment factors as soil nutrition, soil moisture, crop nutrition and crop pest status in the field. The advances in applying remote sensing in these fields were reviewed and commented in this paper. Based on a review of the current application of remote sensing in precision farming, this paper describes in brief its research situation and gives a vista of its development. It is pointed out that improving the monitoring method, applying new data, integrating multi-source remote sensing data, integrating remote sensing data with agro and crop models and systemization are the key points in this field. Further researches on this field will promote the application of remote sensing in precision farming.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in extensive changes in land use and coastlines in Bohai Bay coastal zone. For extraction of coastlines and land classification, Landsat TM\ETM images in 2000, 2005 and 2010 were used. Based on the methods of man- machine interactive interpretation and GIS spatial analysis, the authors made a comprehensive analysis of the changes of the coastlines and spatial variation of land use. The extent, speed and spatial variation of the changes of the coastlines and land use were revealed by the combined method of quantitative and qualitative analysis. It can be concluded that Bohai Bay coastal zone had been changed greatly during the last decade. The land and coastlines were growing toward the Bohai Sea by about 322 km² and 331.6 km², respectively. Land for housing and other construction purposes increased; unused land and wetlands decreased greatly; Tianjin Port showed the most significant sea-beach wetland change, and the decrease reached 89 percent as compared with the situation in 2000; in other wetlands such as salt pans of Hangu in Bohai Bay the decline rate was the largest (55 percent); the coastline and the land of Tianjin Port had the fastest growing rate during 2000-2005; from 2005 to 2010 the reclamation of Caofeidian Port was the fastest. The main driver of these changes is the result of over-exploitation of human economic activities.

Above-ground biomass of forest has great research and application value in the forest ecological system. There are mainly three types of models for estimating above-ground biomass of forest, i.e., forest measuring method, remote sensing method and integrated method. Remote sensing technique has become an important means for obtaining above-ground biomass of forest at the regional scale. There are mainly four types of remote sensing models, namely empirical, ANN, physical and NPP based models. This paper has analyzed and discussed the present methods for estimating above-ground biomass of forest based on remote sensing as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, this paper points out that the integrated method combining remote sensing technique and forest succession model can be generally used to estimate above-ground biomass of forest at the regional scale in future.

In this paper, the authors reviewed the progress in such models of topographic radiometric correction as empirical models,physical models and semi-empirical models, and then discussed some problems of existing models in three aspects, i.e., the input parameters, the hypothesis conditions and the evaluation methods of the models. Finally,the possible improvements of the models in the future were proposed, such as combining multiple-source images,image enhancement or information filling to improve the accuracy of the models and considering the introduction of new mathematical statistical methods for accurate quantitative evaluation. Some proposals are also put forward about improving the method for recovering the information of sun-shaded areas,especially in areas with rugged terrain.

 Xishuangbanna is one of the largest tropical forest vegetation and highest biodiversity regions and also an important rubber-producing area in China. This paper has studied the impacts of rubber plantation on the fragmentation of tropical forests and its substitution for natural forests. It is concluded that the rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna shows significant geophysical patterns and high spatial and temporal dynamics. Rubber plantation has had no significant impacts on soil erosion but has evidently accelerated fragmentation, resulting in the homogeneity of landscape. Although rubber plantation has social and economic benefit in a certain degree, it has obviously threatened the biodiversity and stability of the tropical forest ecosystem.

On the basis of a summary and analysis of wavelet transformation remote sensing image fusion method, in combination with the advantages of local variance and partial differential weighted criterion, and in the light of the deficiencies of wavelet transform method in enhancing space texture information, this paper has proposed an improved wavelet transformation remote sensing image fusion algorithm. With IKONOS multi-spectral and panchromatic as fusion experiments data, the new algorithm fusion effect was comprehensively evaluated from the subjective, the objective and the object-oriented classification accuracy. The results show that the improved algorithm combined with advantages of the wavelet transform and local algorithm is quite satisfactory. It greatly remedies the defects of traditional wavelet fusion method in remote sensing image texture information loss and serves as a kind of efficient remote sensing image fusion method. With the utilization of the new image fusion method, the remote sensing image variance is raised from the original 98.28 to 164.32, the information entropy increases from 5.30 to 7.85, the average gradient rises from 1.972 to 8.807, and the image classification accuracy increases by 10.24%.

 This paper describes in brief the capabilities and design of HDF 5 (Hierarchy Data Format), such as its structure which is hierarchical in logic and B-Tree in physics, its advantage in straightforward implementation and self-description means of sharing science data among people, projects and types of computers, and its object-oriented specificity. The standardization of remote sensing data can benefit from these characteristics.

The accuracy of coastline extraction can't be guaranteed by applying a single algorithm,because different types of coasts have different characteristics. The existing researches are mostly focused on the extraction of instantaneous waterline,with the lacking of tidal correction and verification of accuracy. In this paper,the authors presented a method combining coastline extraction with coastal type and tidal correction. MNF rotation,MNDWI,morphology and edge detection were applied to SPOT4 data acquired in Qinhuangdao coastal zone to extract instantaneous waterline. Besides,the coastline was extracted accurately by integrating tidal data to calculate the slope of shoal. Moreover,the verification of the accuracy of coastline extraction was achieved by the GPS data obtained in the same period. The results show that the precision of coastline extraction by the method proposed in this paper is high.

This paper has analyzed the quality of high resolution ALOS satellite images by an empirical analysis method. Based on characteristics of ALOS images, the authors present methods and the flow of ALOS raw images preprocessing. The result shows that the images of ALOS should be used in combination with the images of other satellites when we conduct large-scale, large-area, high-precision and short-cycle land use map updating and dynamic monitoring. This is because the images of ALOS have such shortages as large amounts of work and strict application.

Segmentation of gradient images in the traditional watershed algorithm usually has no markers, which is likely to cause excessive segmentation. This paper presents a watershed algorithm based on the label. First, the gradient images are obtained through the reconstruction of gradient by using Sobel operator and, at the same time, the perimeter, area and morphology factors of the region are computed and labeled. Then, the initial image of segmentation is acquired by using the method of distance function icon for determining the seeds and the technique of isoline tracking. Finally, the last result of segmentation is obtained by using an improved method of regional merging. The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the method.

In this paper, Wuhan City was selected for case study. Land use information obtained from satellite remote sensing TM image in 2000 and 2005 was used as the main data source, and the GIS technology was employed as the data integration analysis platform. An ecological risk index was constructed based on the varieties of land use, and the systematic sampling method was utilized to make it a spatial variable. After the performance of sampling, the semivariagram analysis and block kriging were conducted to compile the map of ecological risk distribution. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of ecological risk became more uneven in the working area. The level of the ecological risk study area was divided into three levels: the majority of the vegetation and the waters belonged to the low ecological risk area, whereas the urban built-up area and its marginal areas belonged to moderate ecological risk and relatively high risk areas. Spatial distribution of areas of various levels experienced certain extent of changes in the five years.

From the change of a satellite images consumer to a holder of satellites, we are facing the challenge of evaluating the satellite and its payload technical criteria rather than images from satellite image vendors. With over tens of years of special application, the application experts have gained lots of experience to evaluate images instead of the criteria of a satellite. It is therefore necessary to bridge the gap between the satellite producing experts and the application experts, with the simulation of satellite imaging. The goal of the simulation is to connect the satellite and its payload technical criteria with the radiometric and geometric qualities of its images, and this technology will play a key role in the application assessment and the development of the application system in the phase of manufacturing the satellite. As the physical process of the imaging of an on-orbit satellite is very complicated, and perfect simulation of its imaging is a great challenge in both technology and engineering, the authors’ simulation technical framework focuses on the simulation of degeneration of the radiometric and geometric qualities of the images which constitute the fundamental criteria in land and resources management application. In this paper the authors have given a detailed description of the framework for digital simulation of the high resolution optical sensor and verified it with China-made 02B satellite equipped with a high resolution optical sensor of 2.4m ground sample resolution. A potentially improved simulation framework is also put forward.

 HJ-1 optical satellites are to be launched firstly in small satellite constellation for environment and

disaster monitoring and forecasting. The status of the operation and application has an important theoretical and

[JP2]practical significance for the development of the subsequent constellation. Based on the data characteristics

of HJ-1[JP] optical satellites such as the temporal, spatial and spectral resolutions , the spectra and the swath

width, and considering the requirements of remote sensing application, the authors have analyzed and estamated the

usability of HJ-1 optical satellites comprehensively. It is held that the HJ-1 optical satellites can meet the

principal working needs in China and its neighboring countries in remote sensing application, and will surely have

a wide application potential.

 As an important parameter governing energy balance over land, Land Surface Temperature (LST) plays an

important role in meteorology, hydrology, ecology and some other disciplines. In this paper, the authors have

analyzed the probable sources of errors in retrieving land surface temperature using MODIS data and dealt in detail

with the validation method for simultaneous retrieval using relatively high resolution remote sensing data. A

comparison between ASTER land surface temperature and MODIS LST products was conducted in Taihu area on August 1,

2003. Linear regression of three typical areas in water surface, city ground, and outskirts of Wuxi respectively

shows that the result is satisfactory for validation, with R2 being 0.9666.

 In recent years, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have aroused increasing interests among experts for such civilian applications as disaster monitoring, surveillance and spatial decision-making support. The high-resolution orthoimage generated from the UAVs video image stream can be used as a basic map for planners and decision-makers to make decisions by obtaining high precision geospatial data through registering, compiling, measuring and analyzing the orthoimage. This paper presents the methods for producing the true orthoimage from UAVs streams. The IOPs are calculated by using iteration algorithm having the EOPs obtained from GPS and INS system as initial values, and these parameters are used for rectification of UAVs image. Experimental results show that all the orthoimages are of high accuracy under the condition that DEM/DSM,DOQQ and UAVs video image have the same resolution.

Traditional water-body information extraction is mainly based on the reflection and absorption spectral characteristics of the water body. By building and using all kinds of spectral index models which respond to the water spectral characteristics more obviously, the water body could be extracted in pixel-level. However, different types of water bodies have significantly different spectral and spatial patterns as well as spatial distributions. As for the mountain area image, the shadows of such objects as the mountain, snow, ice and bare rock make these global water spectral index models fail to get a satisfactory result. The object-oriented image analysis carries out remote sensing image segmentation first, and then analyzes the global and local characteristics of the water in such aspects as spectral and spatial patterns, spatial distribution, and spatial relationships so as to build the water extraction decision ruleset; finally, the water body information is extracted with the ruleset automatically. The Landsat TM image water extraction experiment in the eCognition software shows that the method can completely avoid the emergence of some errors of "sporadic water body" which often exist in the pixel-level threshold value extraction, and the mountain area lakes could be extracted automatically and efficiently, with the accuracy up to 95% or even higher in the cloud-free case.

Cloud detection is absolutely necessary in the processing of satellite remote sensing data. Through

analyzing meteoric characteristics of cloud in different spectra and integrating the spectral characteristics of

MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), the authors put forward a new cloud detection method based on

multi-spectrum synthesis. Taking into account such factors as visible reflectance, infrared brightness temperature

and window brightness temperature difference, the algorithm can gradually build a cloud detection mask and finally

obtain an entire cloud processing result which can discriminate cloud from clear sky. The algorithm was applied in

different periods and different scenes to make validation and analysis. The results show that the cloud detection is

ideal, especially for thin cirrus which is invisible in the visible band. This technique can promote the use of

MODIS data and improve the accuracy of retrieving.