ZY-1 02D高光谱数据在柴北缘荒漠区蚀变矿物填图及找矿中的应用

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2023155

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青海省地质勘查工作区位于典型的高原荒漠区,地形切割大、植被覆盖率低、基岩出露面积广、地表调查难度大。为研究卫星高光谱数据在柴北缘荒漠区蚀变矿物填图及找矿中的应用,基于高光谱分辨率的国产遥感卫星资源一号(ZY-1)02D数据,通过精细的辐射定标、大气校正、数据修复与正射校正等处理后,获得青海省柴北缘赛坝沟等荒漠地区的高光谱遥感影像; 经过详细的野外调查采样并使用FieldSpec Pro FR光谱仪进行波谱测试,构建了研究区包含绿泥石化等12种主要矿物蚀变的标准实验室光谱数据集; 最后开展了研究区蚀变矿物提取及找矿研究。结果发现,研究区的蚀变矿物主要有绿帘石、绿泥石、钠长石、绢云母、硅化、高岭土、碳酸盐、褐铁矿、阳起石、蛇纹石、赤铁矿、黄铁矿和孔雀石等13类,蚀变信息分布与地层、侵入岩岩性及韧性剪切构造密切相关。通过对赛坝沟等典型矿床的蚀变特征研究发现,孔雀石化、褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化、硅化等蚀变信息与成矿关系十分密切,具有重要的找矿指示意义; 部分钾长石化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、钠长石化也与成矿作用有一定的关系,可作为找矿参考信息。最终,通过上述方法,结合配套开展的1:2.5万地球化学测量成果,在托莫尔日特地区发现了铜金矿化点1处。因此,高光谱蚀变矿物填图在我国自然条件恶劣的西部荒漠地区能够弥补传统地质调查和矿产勘查手段的局限性,可用于快速了解区域地质背景、成矿地质条件,进而提取矿物光谱信息等,为地质找矿工作提供大范围的丰富、精细的信息,具有广泛的应用前景。

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	祁昌炜
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	何书跃
	代威
	汪冰

关键词 ：高光谱遥感, 蚀变矿物填图, 找矿预测, 柴周缘, 荒漠区

Abstract：

The geological exploration in Qinghai Province is conducted in typical highland desert areas characterized by significant terrain cutting, low vegetation cover, extensive bedrock outcrops, and challenging surface investigations. To investigate the application of hyperspectral data from a satellite in altered mineral mapping and ore prospecting in desert areas along the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, this study utilized hyperspectral remote sensing images with high spatial and spectral resolutions obtained from the domestic ZY1-02D satellite. Following fine-scale radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, data restoration, and orthorectification, high-quality hyperspectral remote sensing images were acquired for desert areas, such as Saibagou, along the northern margin of the Qinghai Province. After comprehensive field survey sampling and spectral testing using a FieldSpec Pro FR spectrometer, a standard laboratory spectral dataset of the surveyed areas was established, containing 13 major altered minerals such as chlorite. Finally, the extraction of altered minerals and ore prospecting were conducted. The results indicate that the primary altered minerals in the areas include 13 types: epidote, chlorite, albite, sericite, silicification, kaolinite, carbonate, limonite, actinolite, serpentine, hematite, pyrite, and malachite. The distribution of these altered minerals is closely associated with the strata, lithology of intrusions, and ductile shear structures. The analysis of the alteration characteristics of typical mineral deposits such as Saibagou reveals that malachitization, limonitization, pyritization, sericitization, and silicification are closely related to mineralization, being indicative of ore prospecting. Partial potassium feldspathization, chloritization, epidotization, and sodium feldspathization are also somewhat related to mineralization, serving as a valuable reference for ore prospecting. As a result of applying the above methods, combined with the 1:25 000 geochemical survey data, one copper-gold mineralized point was discovered in the Tuomoerrite area. Therefore, hyperspectral data-based alteration mineral mapping compensates for the limitations of traditional geological surveys and ore prospecting methods in the western desert areas of China with harsh natural conditions. This allows for rapid assessment of the regional geological setting and mineralization conditions, enabling the extraction of mineral spectral information. The hyperspectral data-based alteration mineral mapping provides abundant, fine-scale information for large-scale geological prospecting, offering broad application potential.

Key words： hyperspectral remote sensing altered mineral mapping ore prospecting prediction periphery of Qaidam Basin desert area

收稿日期: 2023-06-02 出版日期: 2024-12-23

ZTFLH:

TP79

基金资助:青海省省级财政地质勘查专项资金项目“青海省乌兰县阿哈大洼地区1:2.5万地质矿产调查”(2022012015jc009);青海省省级财政地质勘查专项资金项目“青海省阿尔金-柴北缘成矿带1:2.5万地球化学测量成果集成及靶区优选”(2024524031ky005);青海省“昆仑英才·科技领军人才计划”项目(2023QHSKXRCTJ47)

通讯作者: 董基恩 (1992-), 男,博士研究生,中级工程师, 主要从事地质资源与地质工程研究。Email: dje@email.cugb.edu.cn。

作者简介: 祁昌炜 (1986-), 男,硕士, 高级工程师,主要从事物化探勘探技术研究。Email: qichangwei1182@163.com。

引用本文:

祁昌炜, 董基恩, 程旭, 叶高峰, 何书跃, 代威, 汪冰. ZY-1 02D高光谱数据在柴北缘荒漠区蚀变矿物填图及找矿中的应用[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2024, 36(4): 31-42.
QI Changwei, DONG Ji’en, CHENG Xu, YE Gaofeng, HE Shuyue, DAI Wei, WANG Bing. Application of ZY-1 02D hyperspectral data to altered mineral mapping and ore prospecting in desert areas along the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2024, 36(4): 31-42.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023155 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2024/V36/I4/31

Fig.1 研究区坡度示意图

Fig.2 研究区地质构造图
1-第四系; 2-油砂山组; 3-牦牛山组火山岩段; 4-牦牛山组碎屑岩段; 5-滩间山群火山岩组; 6-滩间山群碎屑岩组; 7-赛坝沟蛇绿岩组合; 8-辉长岩; 9-达肯大坂岩群; 10-早二叠世正长花岗岩; 11-早二叠世二长花岗岩; 12-早二叠世花岗闪长岩; 13-早志留世似斑状正长花岗岩; 14-早志留世似斑状二长花岗岩; 15-早志留世二长花岗岩; 16-早志留世花岗闪长岩; 17-早志留世石英二长闪长岩; 18-早志留世英云闪长岩; 19-早志留世石英闪长岩; 20-中奥陶世花岗闪长岩; 21-中奥陶世英云闪长岩; 22-中奥陶世石英闪长岩; 23-中奥陶世辉长岩; 24-新元古代眼球状片麻状花岗闪长岩; 25-地质界线; 26-断层; 27-研究区; 28-铁矿点; 29-铜矿点; 30-金矿点; 31-多金属矿; 32-铌钽矿; 33-石棉矿; 34-盐矿

Fig.3 都兰湖及长石砂岩覆盖区验证点光谱特征对比

Fig.4 数据修复处理效果对比

Fig.5 野外地质路线及岩矿石采样点位分布

Fig.6 研究区标准参考光谱数据集

Fig.7 研究区高光谱矿物蚀变分布图

Fig.8 野外验证点的典型蚀变岩石及矿石特征

Fig.9 赛坝沟金矿区蚀变及成矿信息综合分析图
1-全新统冲积物; 2-全新统冲洪积物; 3-滩间山群片岩段; 4-中奥陶世英云闪长岩; 5-中奥陶世石英闪长岩; 6-早志留世正长花岗岩; 7-早志留世石英二长闪长岩; 8-角闪片岩; 9-斜长角闪片岩; 10-石英脉; 11-正长岩脉; 12-花岗斑岩脉; 13-石英闪长岩脉; 14-闪长岩脉; 15-解译主干断裂; 16-解译次级断裂; 17-环形构造; 18-钠长石化; 19-绿泥石化; 20-赤铁矿化; 21-褐铁矿化; 22-绢云母化; 23-黄铁矿化; 24-硅化; 25-碳酸盐化; 26-钾长石化; 27-高岭土化; 28-孔雀石化; 29-阳起石化; 30-金矿点

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