内蒙古中西部矿山地质环境遥感调查

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2024030

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摘要治理矿山开采诱发的地质环境问题是当前生态系统保护和修复的重点方向,制定保护和修复战略规划前必须摸清生态环境现状与问题。基于2020年与2021年高分辨率遥感影像数据,结合实地调查,对内蒙古中西部矿山地质环境进行动态监测。结果显示,内蒙古中西部2021年采矿新增损毁土地面积达3 380.91 hm²,新增矿山恢复治理面积达1 801.31 hm²,总体上未实现“边开采,边治理”平衡。从损毁土地空间分布、损毁土地类型、开采矿种、恢复治理等角度分析矿山地质环境现状与问题,并依此提出下一步矿山地质环境遥感监测与恢复治理的建议。调查结果和建议可为当地开展矿山生态环境修复工作、矿产资源规划提供参考依据。

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	李婷
	叶丽娟
	杨俊泉
	张静
	张云
	刘欢

关键词 ：遥感监测, 矿山地质环境, 生态修复, 成矿带, 战略性矿产

Abstract：

Addressing mining-induced challenges in geological environments is currently a priority for ecosystem conservation and restoration. A prerequisite for formulating effective conservation and restoration strategic planning is to thoroughly ascertain the ecological status and challenges. Based on high-resolution remote sensing image data from 2020 and 2021, and field investigations, this study dynamically monitored the geological environments in mines in west-central Inner Mongolia. The results indicate that in 2021, mining activities in west-central Inner Mongolia led to an additional 3 380.91 hm² of destroyed land, while the newly restored and managed area reached 1 801.31 hm², suggesting an overall imbalance between mining and management. This study analyzed the status and challenges of geological environments in mines from the perspectives of the spatial distribution and type of destroyed land, mineral species, and restoration and management. Furthermore, this study proposed recommendations for subsequent remote sensing monitoring, restoration, and management of geological environments in mines. Overall, the results and recommendations of this study can serve as a reference for local ecological environment restoration and mineral resource planning.

Key words： remote sensing monitoring geological environment in a mine ecological restoration metallogenic belt strategic mineral

收稿日期: 2024-01-17 出版日期: 2025-07-01

ZTFLH:

TP79

基金资助:中国地质调查局地质调查项目“华北地区自然资源动态监测与风险评估”(DD20230101)

通讯作者: 叶丽娟(1988-),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为岩石地球化学、遥感地质。Email: didaduzhe2007@163.com。

作者简介: 李婷(1988-),女,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为遥感地质应用。Email: snailcumt@126.com。

引用本文:

李婷, 叶丽娟, 杨俊泉, 张静, 张云, 刘欢. 内蒙古中西部矿山地质环境遥感调查[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025, 37(3): 45-53.
LI Ting, YE Lijuan, YANG Junquan, ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Yun, LIU Huan. Remote sensing survey of geological environments in mines in west-central Inner Mongolia. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(3): 45-53.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2024030 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2025/V37/I3/45

Fig.1 研究区Ⅲ级成矿带分布图(据文献[25]修改)(审图号:GS京(2025)0941号)
Ⅲ-8.觉罗塔格—黑鹰山Cu-Ni-Fe-Au-Ag-Mo-W-石膏-硅石灰-膨润土-煤成矿带; Ⅲ-14.金窝子—公婆泉—东七一山Fe-Cu-Au-Pb-Zn-Mn-W-Sn-Rb-V-U-P成矿带; Ⅲ-18.阿拉善陆块Cu-Ni-Pt-Fe-REE-P-石墨-芒硝-盐类成矿带; Ⅲ-20.河西走廊Fe-Mn-萤石-盐类-凹凸棒石-石油成矿带; Ⅲ-48.东乌珠穆沁旗—嫩江Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Au-W-Sn-Cr-煤-萤石-石油-天然气成矿带; Ⅲ-49.白乃庙—锡林郭勒Fe-Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Mn-Cr-Au-Ge-煤-天然碱-芒硝成矿带; Ⅲ-50.突泉—翁牛特Pb-Zn-Cu-Mo-Au成矿带; Ⅲ-57.华北陆块北缘东段Fe-Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag-Mn-U-P-煤-膨润土成矿带; Ⅲ-58.华北陆块北缘西段Au-Fe-Nb-REE-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Ni-Pt-W-石墨-白云母成矿带; Ⅲ-59.鄂尔多斯西缘(陆缘坳褶带)Fe-Pb-Zn-P-石膏-芒硝成矿带; Ⅲ-60.鄂尔多斯(盆地)U-石油-天然气-煤-盐类成矿带; Ⅲ-61.山西(断隆)Fe-铝土矿-石膏-煤-煤层气成矿带。下同。

Fig.2 研究路线

Fig.3 2021年度内蒙古中西部新增采矿损毁土地与恢复治理遥感监测图(审图号:GS京(2025)0941号)

Tab.1 内蒙古中西部2021年新增矿山损毁土地与恢复治理分布

Tab.2 内蒙古中西部2021年新增损毁土地类型与恢复治理统计

Tab.3 内蒙古中西部2021年战略性矿产新增矿山损毁土地与恢复治理面积统计

Tab.4 Statistical table of land rehabilitation modes in west-central Inner Mongolia in 2021(处)

Fig.4 生态恢复模式示例

Fig.5 灾害整治模式示例

Fig.6 土地复垦模式示例

Fig.7 综合治理模式示例

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