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Remote Sensing for Natural Resources    2025, Vol. 37 Issue (3) : 32-44     DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2023401
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Remote sensing-based dynamic monitoring and ecological restoration effect assessment of abandoned open-pit mines in the Yangtze River economic belt within Hubei Province
SUN Yaqin1,2,3(), DI Baogang4, XING Yu1, AN Na1(), ZHANG Xian1
1. China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China
2. Key Laboratory of Airborne Geophysics and Remote Sensing Geology, Ministry of Nature Resources, Beijing 100083, China
3. Technology Innovation Center for Geohazards Identification and Monitoring with Earth Observation System, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100083, China
4. China Siwei Surveying and Mapping Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
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Abstract  

The Yangtze River economic belt (YREB), spanning the east, middle, and west regions of China, serves as a pioneering demonstration belt for the construction of ecological civilization. Hubei Province, a member of the YREB, holds abundant mineral resources. Its long-term exploitation of mineral resources has caused ecosystem damage and social stability disruption, necessitating ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines. However, few studies concern the systematic tracking, monitoring, and analysis of the ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines in the YREB within Hubei Province. Based on the remote sensing data from the domestic high-resolution satellite from 2017 to 2022, and utilizing human-computer interaction interpretation, this study monitored the distributions and ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines within 10 km on both sides of the mainstems and major tributaries (Hanjiang River and Qingjiang River) in the YREB within Hubei Province. The results indicate that by the end of 2017, 537 patches of abandoned open-pit mines had been identified in the study area, involving 283 mines with a total area of 2 225.19 hm2. The monitoring results of dynamic changes from 2018 to 2022 show that the ecological restoration and treatment area of abandoned open-pit mines increased from 291.01 hm2 in 2018 to 1 741.19 hm2 in 2022, manifesting a continuously rising treatment rate, suggesting overall improved ecological restoration and treatment results. Using the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) values from 2017 to 2022, this study assessed the ecological restoration effects of abandoned open-pit mines. The assessment results reveal that the average RSEI value for the patches increased from 0.397 7 in 2017 to 0.423 9 in 2022, with a growth rate of 6.59 %, suggesting significantly improved ecological conditions and restoration effects. Overall, the monitoring and assessment results of the dynamic changes in ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area provide valuable data and methodological insights for monitoring abandoned open-pit mines in Hubei Province and other regions in China, highlighting the significance of this study.
Keywords Yangtze River economic belt (YREB)      abandoned open-pit mine      ecological restoration      remote sensing ecological index (RSEI)      ecological restoration effect assessment     
ZTFLH:  TP79  
Issue Date: 01 July 2025
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Yaqin SUN
Baogang DI
Yu XING
Na AN
Xian ZHANG
Cite this article:   
Yaqin SUN,Baogang DI,Yu XING, et al. Remote sensing-based dynamic monitoring and ecological restoration effect assessment of abandoned open-pit mines in the Yangtze River economic belt within Hubei Province[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(3): 32-44.
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https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023401     OR     https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2025/V37/I3/32
Fig.1  Sketch map of the distribution of the study area
时相 影像类型 空间分
辨率/m		 用途
2017年7—11月 GF-1/GF-2/ZY-3 0.8~2.0 本底调查
2018年7—11月 GF-1/GF-2/GF-6/ZY-3 0.8~2.0 变化调查
2019年7—11月 GF-1/GF-2/GF-6/ZY-3 0.8~2.0 变化调查
2020年7—11月 GF-1/GF-2/ZY-3/BJ-2 0.8~2.0 变化调查
2021年7—11月 GF-1/GF-2/ZY-1/
GF-7/BJ-2		 0.65~2.0 变化调查
2022年7—11月 GF-1/GF-2/GF-6/BJ-2 0.8~2.0 变化调查
Tab.1  Remote sensing data used for each year
Fig.2  Main technical flow chart of the article
Fig.3  Examples of remote sensing images before and after treatment of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area
Fig.4  Distribution map of abandoned open-pit mine in the study area
市级行政区 矿山数量/座 图斑数量/处 图斑面积/hm2
武汉市 10 17 100.76
黄石市 59 159 838.17
十堰市 2 2 3.78
宜昌市 34 55 175.26
襄阳市 10 30 95.96
鄂州市 9 21 43.52
荆门市 23 44 122.82
孝感市 18 41 154.10
荆州市 9 15 38.23
黄冈市 21 41 241.47
咸宁市 5 16 64.75
恩施土家族
苗族自治州		 71 78 265.88
仙桃市 4 5 12.08
潜江市 4 7 33.15
天门市 4 6 35.26
总计 283 537 2 225.19
Tab.2  Statistics on the distribution of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area
地级市 采场 中转
场地		 固体
废弃物		 矿山
建筑		 小计
武汉市 71.28 22.78 6.70 — 100.76
黄石市 441.72 284.13 91.14 21.18 838.17
十堰市 3.78 — — — 3.78
宜昌市 130.55 44.18 0.53 — 175.26
襄阳市 88.66 7.30 — — 95.96
鄂州市 29.70 11.59 2.23 — 43.52
荆门市 92.09 26.67 2.98 1.08 122.82
孝感市 104.61 44.38 5.11 — 154.10
荆州市 21.25 16.98 — — 38.23
黄冈市 207.45 33.17 0.85 — 241.47
咸宁市 45.25 14.52 4.20 0.78 64.75
恩施土家族
苗族自治州		 248.07 17.81 — — 265.88
仙桃市 1.37 10.71 — — 12.08
潜江市 7.98 25.17 — — 33.15
天门市 10.27 24.99 — — 35.26
总计 1 504.03 584.38 113.74 23.04 2 225.19
Tab.3  Area statistics of land occupation types of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area(hm2)
Fig.5  Remote sensing monitoring map of ecological restoration and treatment of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area, 2018—2022
Fig.6  Area and rate of ecological restoration and treatment of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area, 2018—2022
Fig.7  Statistics on growth area and growth rate of ecological restoration and treatment of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area, 2018—2022
Fig.8  Area statistical of land occupation types of ecological restoration and treatment of abandoned open-pit mine in the study area, 2018—2022
Fig.9  Statistical map of ecological restoration treatment rate of land occupation types of abandoned open-pit mine in the study area, 2018—2022
Fig.10  Area statistical map of land types after ecological restoration and treatment of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area, 2018—2022
Fig.11  Area statistics of ecological restoration and treatment of abandoned open-pit mines in each prefecture-level city (state) in the study area, 2018—2022
Fig.12  Ecological restoration and treatment rate of abandoned open-pit mines in each prefecture-level city (state) in the study area, 2018—2022
Fig.13  Area of land types before and after ecological restoration and teatment of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area in 2022
Fig.14  Distribution map of RSEI in the study area, 2017—2022
Fig.15  RSEI for the study area, 2017—2022
Fig.16  RSEIfor the abandoned mine patches, 2017—2022
Fig.17  Distribution map of RSEI for the abandoned mine patches, 2017—2022
Fig.18  RSEIarea statistics of each grade in the study area, 2017-2022
Fig.19  RSEIarea statistics of each grade of abandoned open-pit mine quarries, 2017—2022
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