1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2. School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the local thermal environments and microclimates of cities have undergone varying degrees of change, leading to the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect. Based on the ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) data and local climate zones (LCZs), this study investigated the diurnal variations of the SUHI effect in Tianjin City, the contributions of various LCZs to the SUHI effect during daytime and nighttime, and the SUHI gradient attenuation differences. The results indicate that the central urban area of Tianjin exhibited significant diurnal variations in the SUHI effect, reaching a minimum value of 0.14 at 3:00 and a maximum value of 3.56 at 13:00, with an average diurnal-nocturnal difference of 1.59. On a daily scale, the contributions of various LCZs to the SUHI effect displayed notable intra-class and inter-class differences. Generally, LCZ1 (compact high-rise buildings) and LCZ2 (compact mid-rise buildings) showed thermal difference indices (TDIs) of 2.10 and 2.13, respectively, serving as the primary heat sources. In contrast, LCZA (dense trees) and LCZG (water bodies) yielded TDIs of 0.89 and 0.85, respectively, serving as the primary cold sources. Notably, the roles of LCZ7 (lightweight low-rise buildings), LCZA, and LCZG as cold/heat sources changed significantly during daytime and nighttime. A pronounced SUHI gradient effect was observed in the central urban area of Tianjin, with the SUHI intensity negatively correlated with the distance from the urban center, building height, and building density. The Moran’s I of the SUHI effect was 0.70 during daytime and 0.84 during nighttime, indicating that the SUHI effect exhibited stronger spatial aggregation and gradient effect during nighttime. Overall, by analyzing the diurnal dynamic changes of the SUHI effect and the contributions of various LCZs to the SUHI effect, this study reduces the errors associated with previous analyses that rely solely on fixed-time images. It provides a novel insight into understanding urban planning and sustainable development policies. Moreover, this study can be referenced for alleviating the SUHI effect and improving the livability and sustainable development of cities.
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