Land subsidence caused by groundwater level recovery in Taiyuan City

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2023367

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Abstract

Over the past few decades, excessive groundwater exploitation has led to a significant decrease in the groundwater level and serious land subsidence in Taiyuan City. In recent years, Taiyuan has vigorously implemented strict groundwater management measures and the project of water diversion into Shanxi from the Yellow River, substantially alleviating groundwater overexploitation and gradually recovering groundwater levels in the city. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically assess the effect of groundwater level revovery on land subsidence. Based on 2003—2010 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from ENVISAT and 2017—2021 SAR data from Sentinel-1, this study extracted the land subsidence information of Taiyuan City of both periods using persistent scatterer interferometric SAR (PS-INSAR). Accordingly, this study compared and analyzed the temporal evolution of land subsidence during the two periods by combining the groundwater extraction volumes, water volumes diverted from the water diversion project, and data on groundwater levels. The results show that the land subsidence in Taiyuan City has been significantly mitigated, with the urban area having shifted from subsidence to uplift. In the Xiaodian area, which underwent the most serious land subsidence, the subsidence area expanded. Nevertheless, the overall land subsidence rate decreased, and the subsidence center has moved southward. The main cause for the slowdown of the land subsidence and even the land uplift in Taiyuan is the continuous groundwater level recovery attributed to the reduced groundwater exploitation and the water diversion project. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for fine-scale land subsidence prevention and groundwater management in Taiyuan City under conditions of groundwater level recovery.

Keywords land subsidence subsidence rate time series groundwater spatiotemporal evolvement

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Issue Date: 09 May 2025

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	Wei TANG
	Zhuangzhuang YAN
	Yiming WANG
	Fangfang XU
	Xuanyu WU

Cite this article:

Wei TANG,Zhuangzhuang YAN,Yiming WANG, et al. Land subsidence caused by groundwater level recovery in Taiyuan City[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(2): 108-116.

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https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023367 OR https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2025/V37/I2/108

Fig.1 Optical image map of Taiyuan City

Fig.2 Groundwater table map of Taiyuan City

Fig.3 Hydrogeological profile and subsidence center profile in Taiyuan City

Fig.4 Map of land subsidence rate in Taiyuan

Fig.5 Comparison between GNSS and InSAR deformation

Fig.6 Time series of displacement in 5 subsidence centers in two periods

点号	地区	$V 1 /$ (mm· a^-1)	$V 2 /$ (mm· a^-1)	ΔV/ (mm· a^-1)	状态变化
P1	西张-北固碾村	+22.21	-0.97	-23.18	抬升→稳定
P2	万柏林-良源小区	-42.28	+13.18	+55.46	沉降→抬升
P3	下元-华景苑	-38.23	+7.83	+46.06	沉降→抬升
P4	吴家堡-悦泉苑	-51.06	+1.37	+52.43	沉降→抬升
P5	小店-富士康科技园	-66.53	-39.34	+27.19	沉降速率减小

Tab. 1 Average subsidence rates in the 5 subsidence centers

Fig.7 The amount of groundwater extraction, “Diversion of Yellow River into shanxi” water diversion and the groundwater level in Taiyuan City

Fig.8 Comparison of groundwater level and surface deformation in Taiyuan City

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