基于遥感数据的黑土区耕地生态防护评价

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2024340

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摘要

东北黑土区是我国重要的粮食主产区,结合第三次国土调查数据、遥感数据和数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM),探索耕地生态防护评价方法,有利于保障黑土区农业的可持续发展。文章以黑龙江省嫩江市为研究区,从耕地位置条件和周边生态用地状况2个方面,构建林地健康指数、耕地周边生态用地比例指数、最近林地距离、坡度和地形部位5个维度的指标,其中,基于遥感生态指数设计了改进的林地健康指数,综合评价嫩江市耕地生态防护状况。结果表明: 嫩江市耕地生态防护等级以中低等和中等为主,分别占耕地面积的34.21%和45.28%,高等耕地仅占耕地面积的2.11%,耕地生态防护水平有较大提升空间; 各单项指标中,耕地周边生态用地比例指数和林地健康指数较低,是导致研究区耕地生态防护偏低的主要原因。

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	史晓辰
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	王伟
	陈畅
	白雪川
	李少帅

关键词 ：黑土区, 耕地, 生态防护, 评价, 遥感, 嫩江市

Abstract：

The black soil region in Northeast China is a major grain-producing area in China. To ensure the sustainable development of agriculture in the black soil region, the data from the third national land resource survey, remote sensing data, and the digital elevation model (DEM) can be integrated to explore the ecological protection assessment methods for cultivated land. This study investigated Nenjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, from the location conditions of cultivated land and surrounding ecological land use. It constructed five indicators, including the forest health index, the proportion of ecological land surrounding cultivated land, the distance to the nearest forest, the slope, and the topographic position. Notably, an improved forest health index was designed based on the remote sensing ecological index to comprehensively assess the ecological protection of cultivated land in Nenjiang City. The results indicate that the cultivated land in Nenjiang City was dominated by medium-low and medium ecological protection grades, covering 34.21% and 45.28% of the cultivated land area, respectively. In contrast, the high-grade cultivated land accounted for merely 2.11%, indicating considerable potential for improving the ecological protection grade of cultivated land. Among individual indicators, the proportion of ecological land around cultivated land and the forest health index exhibited low values, serving as the primary factors leading to an overall slightly low geological protection grade in the study area.

Key words： black soil region cultivated land ecological protection assessment remote sensing Nenjiang City

收稿日期: 2024-10-18 出版日期: 2025-12-31

ZTFLH:

TP79

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目“不同剖面关键指标形成机制与过程”(2021YFD1500202)

通讯作者: 张超(1972-),男,教授,主要从事土地利用与农业遥感研究。Email: zhangchaobj@cau.edu.cn。

作者简介: 史晓辰(2000-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事农业遥感研究。Email: sxc5010@163.com。

引用本文:

史晓辰, 罗晨颖, 张超, 王伟, 陈畅, 白雪川, 李少帅. 基于遥感数据的黑土区耕地生态防护评价[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025, 37(6): 219-227.
SHI Xiaochen, LUO Chenying, ZHANG Chao, WANG Wei, CHEN Chang, BAI Xuechuan, LI Shaoshuai. Ecological protection assessment of cultivated land in the black soil region based on remote sensing data. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(6): 219-227.

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https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2024340 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2025/V37/I6/219

Fig.1 嫩江市地理示意位置图

Fig.2 技术路线图

Fig.3 嫩江市耕地坡度等级图

Fig.4 平均起伏度与计算窗口面积拟合特征

Fig.5 S-S_i随邻域像元个数变化的特征

Fig.6 嫩江市耕地地形部位图

Fig.7 嫩江市耕地最近林地健康指数

Fig.8 嫩江市耕地最近林地距离

Fig.9 嫩江市耕地周边生态用地比例指数

Fig.10 嫩江市耕地生态防护等级图

Tab.1 嫩江市耕地生态防护等级整体评价结果

Fig.11 嫩江市政策规划可视化图

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