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Remote Sensing for Natural Resources    2023, Vol. 35 Issue (3) : 179-189     DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2022224
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Spatio-temporal evolution of gross ecosystem product with high spatial resolution: A case study of Hunan Province during 2000—2020
HU Chenxia1,2(), ZOU Bin1,2(), LIANG Yu1, HE Chencheng3, LIN Zhijia3
1. School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2. Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410083, China
3. Hunan Institute of Geological Survey, Changsha 410116, China
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Abstract  

By introducing cultural, educational, and scientific research indices and optimizing gas regulation indices, this study proposed an index system to assess the gross ecosystem product (GEP) of natural resources in Hunan Province based on the existing theories and methods for ecosystem service. This study then built a grid-based GEP model with a grid scale of 30 m × 30 m to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of the GEP of Hunan in 2000, 2010, and 2020. The results are as follows: ① In the temporal dimension, the GEP of the province increased by 3.34×104 billion yuan over the past 20 years, with increased amplitude of 40.28%. The contribution of all ecosystems to the GEP was in the order of forest > farmland > grassland > wetland > city. ② In the spatial dimension, the GEP exhibited high values in western and southeastern regions and low values in central and northern regions. The GEP growth rate was higher in the Wulingshan area of western Hunan and lower in the Dongtinghu area of northern Hunan. ③ Compared with the existing research results on a grid scale of 10 km×10 km, the GEP results with a high spatial resolution showed more details of the spatial distribution of the aquatic and urban ecosystems. ④ The contribution degrees of ecosystem function values to the GEP of Hunan changed regularly over time. The contribution of the soil conservation function value dominated the changes in the GEP of the Wulingshan and Dongtinghu areas. The results of this study provide a basis for scientific decision-making in supervising natural resources and protecting the ecological environment in Hunan Province.
Keywords natural resources      gross ecosystem product      high spatial resolution      spatio-temporal evolution      Hunan Province     
ZTFLH:  TP79  
  F301.24  
  P951  
Issue Date: 19 September 2023
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Chenxia HU
Bin ZOU
Yu LIANG
Chencheng HE
Zhijia LIN
Cite this article:   
Chenxia HU,Bin ZOU,Yu LIANG, et al. Spatio-temporal evolution of gross ecosystem product with high spatial resolution: A case study of Hunan Province during 2000—2020[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2023, 35(3): 179-189.
URL:  
https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2022224     OR     https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2023/V35/I3/179
Fig.1  Location of study area
生态产品与
服务类型		 二级指标 指标描述及计算方法
物质产品 食物及原材料生产 生产农副产品、提供工业原料,计算方法参考文献[5]
有机物质生产 将无机物转化为有机物,计算方法参考文献[26]
水资源供给 地表产流、土壤含水量、冠层截留量等,计算方法参考文献[27]
调节服务 气体调节 由固碳释氧价值[5]、净化空气价值[28]、森林生态系统降低PM2.5暴露水平价值和温室气体排放的负效应价值[29-30]叠加获得,计算方法详见表后文说明
气候调节 增加湿度、降低大气温度,计算方法参考文献[29,31]
水文调节 涵养水源、调洪蓄水,计算方法参考文献[32]
土壤保持 保持土壤肥力、减少土地废弃、减轻泥沙淤积,计算方法参考文献[5,33]
维持生物多样性 提供栖息地,计算方法参考文献[4]
文化服务 休闲旅游 旅游消费支出、旅游时间成本,计算方法参考文献[34]
文教科研 生态主题科研论文产出,计算方法参考文献[35]
Tab.1  Accounting methods of the GEP of natural resource assets in Hunan Province
Fig.2  Ecosystem types from 2000 to 2020 in Hunan Province
年份 指标 农田 森林 草地 湿地 城市 合计
2000年 GEP/亿元 2.05×105 5.52×105 6.19×104 9.41×103 2.93 8.28×105
贡献度/% 24.75 66.64 7.47 1.14 0.00 100.00
2010年 GEP/亿元 2.09×105 5.34×105 5.78×104 8.61×103 23 8.09×105
贡献度/% 25.82 65.97 7.14 1.06 0.00 100.00
2020年 GEP/亿元 2.53×105 8.09×105 9.06×104 7.75×103 276 11.62×105
贡献度/% 21.80 69.70 7.81 0.67 0.02 100.00
2000—2010年 变化量/亿元 0.04×105 -0.18×105 -0.41×104 -800 20.07 -1.82×104
变化率/% 1.95 -3.26 -6.62 -8.50 684.98 -2.20
2010—2020年 变化量/亿元 0.44×105 2.75×105 3.28×104 -860 253 3.52×105
变化率/% 21.05 51.50 56.75 -9.99 1 100 43.44
2000—2020年 变化量/亿元 0.48×105 2.57×105 2.87×104 -1.66×103 273.07 3.34×105
变化率/% 23.41 46.56 46.37 -17.64 9 319.80 40.28
Tab.2  Changes of GEP from 2000 to 2020 in Hunan Province
Fig.3  Spatial distribution of GEP from 2000 to 2020 in Hunan Province
Fig.4  Spatial distribution of each ecosystem function value from 2000 to 2020 in Hunan Province
生态系统功能 2000年 2010年 2020年
价值量/亿元 贡献度/% 排序 价值量/亿元 贡献度/% 排序 价值量/亿元 贡献度/% 排序
食物及原材料生产 1 301.27 0.16 7 2 908.66 0.36 6 4 077.17 0.35 6
有机物质生产 2 168.73 0.26 6 2 304.76 0.28 7 2 326.59 0.20 8
水资源供给 3 406.31 0.41 5 4 079.14 0.50 5 4 013.57 0.35 7
气体调节 9 659.66 1.17 3 10 948.36 1.35 3 10 494.53 0.90 3
气候调节 309 937.93 37.41 2 309 081.20 38.15 2 302 826.77 26.06 2
水文调节 6 082.96 0.73 4 6 239.15 0.77 4 6 120.74 0.53 5
土壤保持 495 191.72 59.77 1 472 297.52 58.29 1 821 967.65 70.72 1
维持生物多样性 489.52 0.06 8 488.87 0.06 9 481.50 0.04 9
休闲旅游 260.08 0.03 9 1 909.03 0.24 8 9 903.22 0.85 4
文教科研 0.39 0.00 10 0.72 0.00 10 0.89 0.00 10
总计 828 498.57 100.00 — 810 257.42 100.00 — 1 162 212.63 100.00 —
Tab.3  Analysis of each ecosystem function value from 2000 to 2020 in Hunan Province
生态系统功能 2000年/亿元 2010年/亿元 2020年/亿元 2000—2010年 2010—2020年 2000—2000年
变化量/
亿元		 贡献
度/%		 变化量/
亿元		 贡献
度/%		 变化量/
亿元		 贡献
度/%
食物及原材料生产 429.90 988.54 1 383.53 558.64 -20.26 394.99 0.14 953.63 0.35
有机物质生产 945.45 1 022.32 1 036.08 76.88 -2.79 13.76 0.00 90.64 0.03
水资源供给 1 251.65 1 394.24 1 661.71 142.59 -5.17 267.47 0.10 410.06 0.15
气体调节 4 228.93 4 772.56 4 613.73 543.63 -19.72 -158.83 -0.06 384.80 0.14
气候调节 129 111.18 129 932.62 130 481.39 821.44 -29.80 548.77 0.20 1 370.21 0.50
水文调节 2 006.45 2 037.57 2 112.59 31.12 -1.13 75.03 0.03 106.14 0.04
土壤保持 304 131.04 297 868.39 566 560.74 -6 262.65 227.17 268 692.35 97.25 262 429.70 95.94
维持生物多样性 205.81 205.84 204.73 0.03 0.00 -1.11 0.00 -1.09 0.00
休闲旅游 104.99 770.75 3 998.37 665.76 -24.15 3 227.62 1.17 3 893.38 1.42
文教科研 105.05 770.85 3 998.49 665.80 -24.15 3 227.64 1.17 3 893.44 1.42
总计 442 520.46 439 763.69 716 051.37 -2 756.77 100.00 276 287.68 100.00 273 530.91 100.00
Tab.4  Analysis of each ecosystem function value from 2000 to 2020 in Wuling Mountain region
生态系统功能 2000年/亿元 2010年/亿元 2020年/亿元 2000—2010年 2010—2020年 2000—2000年
变化量/
亿元		 贡献
度/%		 变化量/
亿元		 贡献
度/%		 变化量/
亿元		 贡献
度/%
食物及原材料生产 493.84 1 072.18 1 496.74 578.34 20.29 424.56 2.76 1 002.90 5.49
有机物质生产 439.90 474.42 469.10 34.52 1.21 -5.32 -0.03 29.19 0.16
水资源供给 896.15 1 154.44 1 023.68 258.29 9.06 -130.77 -0.85 127.53 0.70
气体调节 1 713.09 1 996.10 1 864.92 283.01 9.93 -131.18 -0.85 151.83 0.83
气候调节 71 012.42 71 128.58 66 018.06 116.16 4.08 -5 110.52 -33.17 -4 994.35 -27.35
水文调节 2 352.26 2 320.66 2 233.64 -31.60 -1.11 -87.02 -0.56 -118.62 -0.65
土壤保持 33 507.33 34 283.73 50 688.85 776.40 27.24 16 405.12 106.46 17 181.52 94.10
维持生物多样性 114.76 114.42 111.59 -0.34 -0.01 -2.83 -0.02 -3.17 -0.02
休闲旅游 65.83 483.23 2 506.83 417.40 14.65 2 023.60 13.13 2 441.00 13.37
文教科研 66.12 483.62 2 507.19 417.50 14.65 2 023.56 13.13 2 441.06 13.37
总计 110 661.69 113 511.39 128 920.59 2 849.70 100.00 15 409.20 100.00 18 258.90 100.00
Tab.5  Analysis of each ecosystem function value from 2000 to 2020 in Dongting Lake region
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