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Remote Sensing for Natural Resources    2024, Vol. 36 Issue (4) : 229-241     DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2023138
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2000-2020 spatiotemporal variations of different vegetation types in the Yellow River basin and influencing factors
WEI Xiao1,2,3(), ZHANG Lifeng1,2,3(), HE Yi1,2,3, CAO Shengpeng1,2,3, SUN Qiang1,2,3, GAO Binghai1,2,3
1. School of Surveying and Mapping and Geographic Information, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Geographic Monitoring Technology Application, Lanzhou 730070, China
3. Engineering Laboratory of Geographic Monitoring of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Abstract  

Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of vegetation growth in the Yellow River basin and their influencing factors is crucial for the conservation and development of the ecology. However, existing studies rarely focus on the latest spatiotemporal characteristics of different vegetation types in the basin and their relationships with their influencing factors. Using the 2000-2020 time series remote sensing data of MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), along with methods including trend analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis, and residual analysis, this study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of various vegetation types in the Yellow River basin. Accordingly, this study clarified the mechanisms behind the impacts of temperature and precipitation on annual and monthly scales and explored the influence of human activities on the spatiotemporal characteristics of different vegetation types. The results indicate that from 2000 to 2020, the NDVI of different vegetation types in the Yellow River basin trended upward overall, particularly in cultivated land and forest land. However, the increasing trends trended downward at different degrees with increasing elevation. Over the 21 years, various vegetation types were improved in most areas in the basin. However, a few areas exhibited degraded vegetation types, primarily including grassland and cultivated land. The proportion of areas with anti-continuous future trends in various vegetation types notably increased. Temperature and precipitation produced positive impacts on the growth of various vegetation types in the Yellow River basin. Nevertheless, various vegetation types exhibited greater responses to precipitation than to temperature, and the responses featured notable time lags. Furthermore, grassland and shrub growth were more sensitive to precipitation and temperature. Human activities had positive impacts on the vegetation of the Yellow River basin overall. However, some negative effects were also observed in grassland and cultivated land, warranting attention in future planning. Overall, most areas exhibited improved vegetation in the Yellow River basin in the 20 years. Given that partial grassland and cultivated land experienced degradation, it is necessary to protect typical degradation areas. The findings of this study will provide scientific data and theoretical support for ecological construction and economic development in the Yellow River basin.
Keywords vegetation type      Hurst index      residual analysis      remote sensing      Yellow River basin     
ZTFLH:  X87  
  TP79  
Issue Date: 23 December 2024
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Xiao WEI
Lifeng ZHANG
Yi HE
Shengpeng CAO
Qiang SUN
Binghai GAO
Cite this article:   
Xiao WEI,Lifeng ZHANG,Yi HE, et al. 2000-2020 spatiotemporal variations of different vegetation types in the Yellow River basin and influencing factors[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2024, 36(4): 229-241.
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https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023138     OR     https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2024/V36/I4/229
Fig.1  Maps of administrative and vegetation cover classification of study area
Fig.2  Annual average of NDVI variation for each vegetation zone in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020
Fig.3-1  Spatial distribution of vegetation cover classes for vegetation zones in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020
Fig.3-2  Spatial distribution of vegetation cover classes for vegetation zones in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020
植被类型 植被覆盖等级
低植被区 较低植被区 中等植被区 高植被区
草地 49 31 19 1
耕地 16 51 30 3
灌木 10 27 52 11
林地 3 14 36 47
Tab.1  Area share of different vegetation NDVI vegetation cover classes in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020(%)
Fig.4  Trends of NDVI variation for vegetation zones in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020
植被类型 变化趋势等级
严重退化 轻微退化 稳定不变 轻微改善 明显改善
草地 0.2 1.2 4.5 16.9 77.2
耕地 0.8 1.5 1.7 5.9 90.1
灌木 0.1 0.9 3.5 11.9 83.6
林地 0.1 0.3 0.4 2.5 96.7
Tab.2  Area share of different vegetation NDVI trend classes in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020(%)
Fig.5  Future trends of NDVI variation for vegetation zones in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020
植被类型 未来变化趋势等级
持续严
重退化		 持续轻
微退化		 持续稳
定不变		 持续轻
微改善		 持续明
显改善		 不确定
草地 0.1 0.5 1.6 5.8 40.1 51.9
耕地 0.7 1.2 1.2 4.1 53.3 39.5
灌木 0.1 0.5 2.1 6.9 51.6 39.5
林地 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.8 53.8 43.7
Tab.3  Area share of different vegetation NDVI future trend classes in the Yellow River Basin(%)
Fig.6  Changes of distribution and growth trend of NDVI of different vegetation along elevation gradient
Fig.7-1  Spatial distribution of bias correlation coefficients between NDVI and temperature for vegetation zones in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020
Fig.7-2  Spatial distribution of bias correlation coefficients between NDVI and temperature for vegetation zones in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020
植被类型 偏相关系数等级
[-0.76,
-0.3)		 [-0.3,0) [0,0.3) [0.3,0.5) [0.5,
0.89]
草地 0.14 5.52 35.10 40.26 18.98
耕地 0.30 10.68 43.65 32.77 12.60
灌木 0.18 7.73 27.56 39.62 25.91
林地 0.28 16.02 36.92 29.52 17.26
Tab.4  Area ratio of bias correlation classes between different vegetation NDVI and temperature in Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020(%)
Fig.8  Spatial distribution of bias correlation coefficients between NDVI and precipitation for vegetation zones in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020
植被类型 偏相关系数等级
[-0.73,
-0.3)		 [-0.3,0) [0,0.3) [0.3,0.5) [0.5,
0.91]
草地 1.35 6.95 16.99 36.27 38.44
耕地 0.11 4.97 33.29 34.48 27.15
灌木 0.28 3.56 26.35 32.99 36.82
林地 0.02 2.08 40.44 32.89 24.57
Tab.5  Area ratio of bias correlation classes between different vegetation NDVI and precipitation in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020(%)
植被类型 气候因子 NDVI与气候因子相关系数
4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月
草地 P0 0.462* 0.362 0.435* 0.706** 0.5* -0.146
P1 0.051 0.372* 0.431* 0.365 0.706* 0.415*
P2 0.044 0.175 0.316 0.431* 0.202 0.507**
P3 -0.081 -0.042 0.123 0.214 0.233 0.265
T0 0.598** -0.044 0.108 -0.214 0.443* 0.115
T1 0.634** 0.524** -0.094 0.196 -0.175 0.433*
T2 0.054 0.457* 0.307 0.098 0.206 -0.381*
T3 0.273 -0.006 0.359 0.276 0.211 -0.053
耕地 P0 0.481* 0.371* 0.092 0.444* 0.387* -0.039
P1 0.161 0.507** 0.297 0.006 0.433* 0.372*
P2 -0.074 0.162 0.451* 0.395* -0.157 0.255
P3 -0.080 0.000 0.228 0.284 0.249 -0.087
T0 0.437* -0.238 -0.115 -0.304 0.42* 0.047
T1 0.488* 0.230 -0.172 -0.037 0.275 0.252
T2 0.048 0.085 0.153 -0.059 0.026 -0.437*
T3 0.378 -0.007 0.195 0.226 -0.005 -0.136
灌木 P0 0.473* 0.441* 0.316 0.588** 0.406* -0.172
P1 0.132 0.413* 0.425* 0.19 0.631** 0.309
P2 0.081 0.277 0.320 0.477 0.053 0.502*
P3 -0.093 -0.047 0.232 0.271 0.341 0.164
T0 0.662** -0.102 -0.015 -0.261 0.442* 0.109
T1 0.606** 0.497* -0.121 0.108 -0.268 0.392*
T2 0.078 0.375* 0.345 0.100 0.093 -0.493*
T3 0.206 0.049 0.283 0.298 0.128 -0.231
林地 P0 0.327 0.451* 0.019 0.377* 0.262 -0.135
P1 0.113 0.413* 0.379* -0.049 0.411* 0.253
P2 0.002 0.265 0.359 0.423* -0.162 0.312
P3 -0.182 0.031 0.321 0.304 0.253 0.009
T0 0.596** -0.202 -0.149 -0.321 0.414* 0.111
T1 0.439* 0.284 -0.196 -0.037 -0.299 0.285
T2 0.097 0.033 0.193 -0.112 -0.039 -0.482*
T3 0.231 0.005 0.057 0.237 -0.029 -0.239
Tab.6  Correlation coefficients between NDVI in same month and temperature and precipitation in previous 0~3 months for different vegetation zones in Yellow River basin
Fig.9  Spatial distribution of effects of human activities on NDVI in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020
植被类型 影响等级
[-0.02,
-0.006)		 [-0.006,
-0.000 6)		 [-0.000 6,
0.000 6)		 [0.000 6,
0.006)		 [0.006,
0.026]
草地 0.02 1.45 15.78 76.43 6.32
耕地 0.17 2.06 3.39 69.81 24.57
灌木 0.01 0.93 11.34 77.94 9.78
林地 0.05 0.48 1.45 83.89 14.13
Tab.7  Area ratio of effects of human activities on NDVI in Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020(%)
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