Spatiotemporal changes of ecological quality and their driving factors in Zhengzhou City over the last 20 years

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2023203

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Abstract

Ecological quality is an important indicator of a regional development level. Objective, quantitative dynamic monitoring and analysis of long-term ecological quality can provide a scientific basis for urban sustainable development and ecological construction. Based on Landsat remote sensing images, this study constructed the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) as an evaluation index using principal component analysis. Accordingly, this study explored the spatiotemporal change characteristics of ecological quality in Zhengzhou from 2001 to 2020, as well as the extent of influence of various driving factors, using the Sen+Mann-Kendall trend analysis, the Hurst index, and geographical detectors. The results indicate that from 2001 to 2020, Zhengzhou maintained moderate ecological quality overall. The RSEI showed downward, upward, and then downward trends sequentially. Spatially, the eastern plains showed lower ecological quality, whereas the southwestern mountainous and hilly areas exhibited higher ecological quality. The regional ecological quality remained unchanged predominantly or saw slight improvements over these years except for 2010, when the area of zones with ecological quality deteriorating significantly increased due to high temperature. From 2001 to 2020, the ecological quality in Zhengzhou exhibited significant trends, with 56.34% of areas showing an upward trend and 42.26% exhibiting a downward trend. These results, along with the Hurst index, reveal that the downward trend in ecological quality in the eastern part is primarily characterized by sustainable changes in the future, while the upward trend in ecological quality in the southwestern partition is primarily characterized by anti-sustainable changes in the future. Driving force analysis indicates that over the 20 years, primary factors influencing changes in ecological quality in Zhengzhou included land use type and population density, whose explanatory power is significantly stronger than other factors. The impact of natural factors, such as elevation and average annual precipitation, has gradually diminished, while the influence of the night light index, which reflects the urbanization level, has progressively increased. The results of this study will provide a scientific basis for the evaluation and preservation of ecosystems in Zhengzhou.

Keywords ecological quality remote sensing ecological index Sen-Mann-Kendall Hurst index geodetector

ZTFLH:	X821
	TP79

Issue Date: 17 February 2025

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	Yong AO
	Ya WANG
	Xiaofeng WANG
	Jingsheng WU
	Yiheng ZHANG
	Xuejiao LI

Cite this article:

Yong AO,Ya WANG,Xiaofeng WANG, et al. Spatiotemporal changes of ecological quality and their driving factors in Zhengzhou City over the last 20 years[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(1): 102-112.

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https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023203 OR https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2025/V37/I1/102

Fig.1 Location of the study area

指标	计算公式	说明
绿度(NDVI)	$N D V I = (ρ N I R - ρ R) / (ρ N I R + ρ R)$	$ρ N I R$ 为近红外波段反射率; $ρ R$ 为红光波段反射率
湿度(Wet)	$W e t T M = 0.031 ? 5 ρ B + 0.202 ? 1 ρ G + 0.310 ? 2 ρ R + 0.159 ? 4 ρ N I R - 0.680 ? 6 ρ S W I R 1 - 0.610 ? 9 ρ S W I R 2$ $W e t O L I = 0.151 ? 1 ρ B + 0.197 ? 3 ρ G + 0.328 ? 3 ρ R + 0.340 ? 7 ρ N I R - 0.711 ? 7 ρ S W I R 1 - 0.455 ? 9 ρ S W I R 2$	$ρ B$ , $ρ G$ , $ρ R$ , $ρ N I R$ , $ρ S W I R 1$ 和 $ρ S W I R 2$ 分别为TM与OLI数据的蓝、绿、红、近红外、短波红外1和短波红外2波段的反射率数据
热度(LST)	$L S T = K 2 / l n (K 1 / T + 1)$ $L λ = [ε T + (1 - ε) L ↓] τ + L ↑$ $T = [L λ - L ↑ - τ (1 - ε) L ↓] / τ ε$	$L λ$ 为热红外辐射亮度值; $T$ 为黑体热辐射亮度; $ε$ 为地表比辐射率; $τ$ 为大气透过率; $L ↑$ 为大气上行辐射亮度; $L ↓$ 为大气下行辐射亮度; $K 1$ , $K 2$ 为传感器定标参数
干度(NDBSI)	$N D B S I = (S I + I B I) / 2$ $S I = [(ρ S W I R 1 + ρ R) - (ρ N I R + ρ B)] / [(ρ S W I R 1 + ρ R) + (ρ N I R + ρ B)]$ $I B I = 2 ρ S W I R 1 ρ S W I R 1 + ρ R - ρ N I R ρ N I R + ρ R + ρ G ρ G + ρ S W I R 1 /$ $2 ρ S W I R 1 ρ S W I R 1 + ρ R + ρ N I R ρ N I R + ρ R + ρ G ρ G + ρ S W I R 1$	$S I$ 为裸土指数; $I B I$ 为建筑指数; $ρ B$ , $ρ G$ , $ρ R$ , $ρ N I R$ , $ρ S W I R 1$ 分别为TM与OLI数据的蓝、绿、红、近红外和短波红外1波段的反射率数据

Tab.1 Indicators calculation equation

$q$ 值范围	交互作用类型
$q (X 1 ? X 2) m i n [q (X 1), q (X 2)]$	非线性减弱
$m i n [q (X 1), q (X 2)] q (X 1 ? X 2) m a x [q (X 1), q (X 2)]$	单线性减弱
$m a x [q (X 1), q (X 2)] q (X 1 ? X 2) q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	双因子增强
$q (X 1 ? X 2) = q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	相互独立
$q (X 1 ? X 2) q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	非线性增强

Tab.2 Types of factors interaction

Tab.3 Load and contribution rate of the PC1 in different years

Fig.2 Distribution of RSEI in Zhengzhou City from 2001 to 2020

Tab.4 Areas and proportions of ecological environment quality levels in Zhengzhou City from 2001 to 2020

Tab.5 Changes of ecological environment quality levels in Zhengzhou City from 2001 to 2020

Fig.3 Spatial distribution of change in ecological quality grade of Zhengzhou City from 2001 to 2020

Fig.4 Change trend of RSEI in Zhengzhou City from 2001 to 2020

Fig.5 Change of RSEI and Hurst index in Zhengzhou City from 2001 to 2020

因子类型	2001年		2006年		2010年		2015年		2020年		2000—2020年
因子类型	$q$ 值	排序	$q$ 值	排序	$q$ 值	排序	$q$ 值	排序	$q$ 值	排序	$q$ 值	排序
年均降水	0.134	5	0.132	7	0.112	6	0.103	7	0.141	4	0.124	7
年均气温	0.232	3	0.164	5	0.107	7	0.149	6	0.123	6	0.155	5
高程	0.264	1	0.181	3	0.187	3	0.164	3	0.137	5	0.186	3
坡度	0.093	8	0.073	8	0.096	8	0.033	8	0.031	8	0.065	8
土地利用类型	0.171	4	0.251	2	0.362	1	0.295	1	0.207	2	0.257	1
人口密度	0.255	2	0.256	1	0.262	2	0.217	2	0.239	1	0.246	2
GDP	0.111	7	0.176	4	0.156	5	0.126	5	0.111	7	0.136	6
夜间灯光数据	0.129	6	0.153	6	0.181	4	0.163	4	0.177	3	0.161	4

Tab.6 Results of single detection

Fig.6 Interaction detection results of RSEI influencing factors in Zhengzhou City from 2001 to 2020

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