Being one of the three biggest bayou deltas of China, the neoteric and modern Yellow River Delta, raised since 1855, is composed of seven sub-deltas. Due to the lack of laboratory data, this paper has to use Landsat TM remotely-sensed data to analyse band ratios and principal components. The authors enhanced the spectral information of ferruginous oxides and analysed frequency histograms and statistical values of the second principal component of seven sub-deltas. On such a basis, the surface environmental differences of the neoteric and modern Yellow River Delta are discussed tentatively and briefly, which provides a useful train of thought for applying the remote sensing technology to solving geographical problems.