As one of the important mechanisms affecting urban thermal environment, industry accurately detects factories that cause thermal anomalies, and analyzes the impact of industrial thermal anomalies on local thermal environment, which is of great significance for scientific planning of industrial construction and improvement of urban thermal environment. Based on the Landsat8 data of different seasons, this paper uses the radiation transmission method to invert the surface temperature, compares the thermal anomaly detection method based on the thermal field variation index, and performs the local thermal environment effect analysis based on the higher precision detection results. The results are as follows: ① The four-stage method is more suitable for industrial thermal anomaly detection research. ②The scale of the factory production is directly proportional to the area of the corresponding thermal anomaly plaque. For every 5.8 square kilometers of factory production scale, the average thermal plaque area increases by 0.18 square kilometers. ③Industrial thermal anomalies have thermal environmental effects on local building and nonbuilding, the effect of warming on building is smaller with distance, and the effect of temperature increase on nonbuilding in the 1 km range is obvious. The research results can provide reference for industrial thermal anomaly detection and analysis of the effects of industrial thermal anomalies on the local environment.