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Remote Sensing for Natural Resources    2023, Vol. 35 Issue (3) : 212-220     DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2022240
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Spatio-temporal changes in the normalized difference vegetation index of vegetation in the western Sichuan Plateau during 2001—2021 and their driving factors
WANG Yelan1(), YANG Xin1,2(), HAO Lina1
1. College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2. Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610059, China
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Abstract  

The western Sichuan Plateau, with a fragile and sensitive ecological environment, acts as a critical ecological barrier between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Sichuan Basin. Research on the dynamic changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and their driving factors holds practical significance for monitoring the ecological environment quality of the western Sichuan Plateau. Based on 2001—2021 MODIS NDVI data, as well as meteorological data, surface factor data, and human activity data, this study analyzed the NDVI distribution of vegetation in the western Sichuan Plateau on a spatio-temporal scale using trend analysis, Hurst index, and geographical detector. Furthermore, this study determined the principal driving factors in NDVI changes. The results are as follows: During 2001—2021, the NDVI of 67.19% of regional vegetation in the western Sichuan Plateau showed a fluctuating upward trend. Elevation is the most critical factor influencing NDVIs, with an explanatory power of 0.529. The elevation is followed by accumulated temperature ≥0 ℃ and air temperature. The driving factors in interactions among NDVI exhibited nonlinear or double-factor enhancement, with q values between relative humidity and elevation being highest (0.623). 84% of factor combinations showed significantly different effects on the spatial NDVI distribution in the western Sichuan Plateau. The results of this study facilitate the research on the driving mechanism of vegetation growth, providing a reference for vegetation protection in the western Sichuan Plateau.
Keywords western Sichuan Plateau      NDVI      geographical detector      spatio-temporal change      driving factor     
ZTFLH:  TP79  
  Q948  
Issue Date: 19 September 2023
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Yelan WANG
Xin YANG
Lina HAO
Cite this article:   
Yelan WANG,Xin YANG,Lina HAO. Spatio-temporal changes in the normalized difference vegetation index of vegetation in the western Sichuan Plateau during 2001—2021 and their driving factors[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2023, 35(3): 212-220.
URL:  
https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2022240     OR     https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2023/V35/I3/212
Fig.1  Location of the study area
类型 影响因子
气象因子 气温(X1) 降水量(X2) 相对湿度(X3)
日照(X4) ≥0 ℃积温
(X5)		 ≥10 ℃积温
(X6)
地表因子 高程(X7) 坡度(X8) 坡向(X9)
地貌类型
(X10)		 植被类型
(X11)		 土壤类型
(X12)
人类活动因子 人口密度
(X13)		 GDP(X14)
Tab.1  Indicators of impact factors
数据类型 数据来源 产品 分辨率 预处理
NDVI 美国国家航空航天局 MOD13Q1 16 d,250 m 利用MRT软件和ArcGIS软件进行格式转换、重投影、裁剪、重采样及最大值合成法合成不同时间尺度的NDVI数据集(可有效消除云、雾的影响)
气象数据 中国气象数据网(http://data.cma.cn) 中国地面气候资料日值数据集: 气温、降水量、相对湿度和日照 研究区及周边的69个气象台站 利用AUNSPLIN软件以海拔为协变量对气象数据进行插值生成1 km空间分辨率栅格数据[19]
≥0 ℃积温、≥10 ℃积温 中国科学院资源科学与数据中心(http://www.resdc.cn) 中国气象背景数据集 500 m 利用ArcGIS软件进行裁剪及重采样
高程、坡度、坡向 地理空间数据云(http://www.gscloud.cn) 数字高程模型 250 m 利用ArcGIS软件进行裁剪拼接和重采样
地貌类型 中国科学院资源科学与数据中心(http://www.resdc.cn) 中华人民共和国地貌图集(1∶100万) 1 km —
植被类型 中国科学院资源科学与数据中心(http://www.resdc.cn) 《1∶100万中国植被图集》 1 km —
土壤类型 中国科学院资源科学与数据中心(http://www.resdc.cn) 《1∶100万中华人民共和国土壤图》 1 km —
人口密度、GDP 四川省统计局(http://tjj.sc.gov.cn) 四川省统计年鉴 — 利用ArcGIS软件基于各行政单元进行计算
Tab.2  Data source and preprocessing
Fig.2  Mean value of NDVI in western Sichuan Plateau from 2001 to 2021
植被NDVI等级 2021年 合计 转出
低植被覆盖度 中低植被覆盖度 中植被覆盖度 中高植被覆盖度 高植被覆盖度
2001
年		 低植被覆盖度 20.99 13.11 1.92 0.47 0.20 36.69 15.70
中低植被覆盖度 3.11 38.10 29.77 4.50 0.84 76.32 38.22
中植被覆盖度 0.42 11.11 92.58 98.30 6.91 209.32 116.74
中高植被覆盖度 0.14 1.81 25.62 562.62 409.07 999.26 436.64
高植被覆盖度 0.06 0.50 2.75 98.40 912.15 1 013.86 101.71
合计 24.72 64.63 152.64 764.29 1 329.17 2 335.45
转入 3.73 26.53 60.06 201.67 417.02
变化量 -11.97 -11.69 -56.68 -234.97 315.31
Tab.3  NDVI change transition matrix in western Sichuan Plateau from 2001 to 2021 (102 km2)
Fig.3  Temporal scale NDVI variation trend of the western Sichuan Plateau from 2001 to 2021
Fig.4  Variation trend and persistence of NDVI in western Sichuan Plateau
NDVI趋势变化 面积百分比
春季 夏季 秋季 冬季 年际
显著退化 0.98 1.43 2.10 1.72 1.40
不显著退化 13.05 15.39 24.91 15.85 15.03
稳定不变 9.57 16.70 14.05 16.84 16.38
不显著改善 55.76 48.47 47.05 38.68 48.42
显著改善 20.64 18.01 11.89 26.91 18.77
Tab.4  Area proportion of significant NDVI changes in the western Sichuan Plateau(%)
因子 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14
q值 0.392 0.077 0.049 0.057 0.395 0.087 0.529 0.013 0.006 0.087 0.242 0.172 0.025 0.026
Tab.5  The q values of the influencing factors
因子 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14
X1 0.392
X2 0.483 0.077
X3 0.556 0.145 0.049
X4 0.529 0.193 0.140 0.057
X5 0.462 0.452 0.481 0.481 0.395
X6 0.400 0.153 0.142 0.156 0.398 0.087
X7 0.576 0.609 0.623 0.613 0.591 0.541 0.529
X8 0.442 0.095 0.085 0.083 0.420 0.098 0.555 0.013
X9 0.413 0.095 0.068 0.073 0.406 0.097 0.540 0.031 0.006
X10 0.537 0.218 0.198 0.185 0.458 0.177 0.586 0.126 0.101 0.087
X11 0.499 0.308 0.288 0.307 0.463 0.289 0.575 0.261 0.259 0.301 0.242
X12 0.444 0.232 0.218 0.227 0.442 0.199 0.562 0.182 0.183 0.257 0.323 0.172
X13 0.478 0.101 0.100 0.089 0.437 0.115 0.585 0.051 0.043 0.156 0.273 0.199 0.025
X14 0.487 0.117 0.098 0.091 0.435 0.117 0.608 0.053 0.041 0.159 0.279 0.203 0.046 0.026
Tab.6  Interaction of influencing factors and ecological exploration
因子 NDVI适宜类型或范围 NDVI均值
气温/℃ 5.89~8.26 0.827
降水/mm 78.83~89.93 0.862
≥0 ℃积温/℃ 2 257.4~2 732.5 0.840
≥10 ℃积温/℃ 771.9~1 270.8 0.837
高程/m 1 990~ 2 566 0.840
地貌类型 中起伏山 0.782
植被类型 草丛 0.916
土壤类型 棕壤、黄棕壤、暗棕壤、黄褐土 0.838
Tab.7  Suitable type or range of impact factors
Fig.5  Trends in climate factors
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