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Remote Sensing for Natural Resources    2025, Vol. 37 Issue (5) : 254-266     DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2024381
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Spatiotemporal variations of 2000—2020 vegetation in China and their time-lag responses to climate
XU Ying1(), ZHANG Runze2, GUO Bing2()
1. Henan University of Economics and Law，School of Urban and Rural Planning，Zhengzhou 454000，China
2. School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics，Shandong University of Technology，Zibo 255000，China
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Abstract  

Amid global changes，China’s vegetation ecosystem has undergone profound transformations. However，there is an urgent need to thoroughly explore the mechanisms underlying the ecological evolution of vegetation in different ecological subregions and historical periods，as well as their differences. Therefore，based on normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） data，this study investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation across six major ecological subregions in China and its driving mechanisms using methods such as the gravity center model，lag analysis，geographical detectors，and partial correlation analysis. The results indicate that from 2000 to 2020，mainland China witnessed a decreasing trend in vegetation coverage from east to west. Vegetation coverage increased in all six ecological subregions，with the highest increase （slope of change） observed in the south-central part of China （0.003 9） and the lowest in eastern China （0.002）. From 2000 to 2010，regions with increased vegetation coverage accounted for 92%，and this proportion dropped to 71% from 2010 to 2020. Heterogeneous lag times were observed across different vegetation types in varying regions. Specifically，cultivated vegetation and shrubland generally exhibited a 1 to 3-month lag in response to precipitation；cultivated vegetation and coniferous forests presented a lag limited to the current month in relation to temperature，and broadleaf forests generally displayed a 1 to 2-month lag in response to temperature. Precipitation is identified as the dominant factor driving vegetation changes in North China and the northeastern，northwestern，and southwestern parts of China. In eastern China，land use and gross domestic product （GDP） represent the primary driving force behind vegetation change. In the south-central part of China，both precipitation and land use serve as dominant factors. The results of this study can provide significant data support for vegetation restoration and protection in different ecological regions.
Keywords normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI）      vegetation coverage      time-lag effect      gravity center      geographical detector      China     
ZTFLH:  TP79  
Corresponding Authors: GUO     E-mail: y_xu_lidar@huel.edu.cn;guobingjl@163.com
Issue Date: 28 October 2025
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Ying XU
Runze ZHANG
Bing GUO
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Ying XU,Runze ZHANG,Bing GUO. Spatiotemporal variations of 2000—2020 vegetation in China and their time-lag responses to climate[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(5): 254-266.
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https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2024381     OR     https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2025/V37/I5/254
Fig.1  Overview of the study area
变化类型 F检验显著性水平 NDVI变化斜率
明显增加 p≤0.01 k≥0.001
略微增加 0.01<p≤0.05 k≥0.001
基本不变 p>0.05 -0.001<k<0.001
略微减少 0.01<p≤0.05 k≤-0.001
明显减少 p≤0.01 k≤-0.001
Tab.1  Significance classification
Fig.2  Spatial distribution of different NDVI levels
Fig.3  Interannual variation of NDVI in different regions
Fig.4  Changes in NDVI levels across different periods
Fig.5  Spatial distribution of lag effects for different vegetation types
Fig.6  Lag effects in different regions
Fig.7  Interaction factors
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