Information extraction and spatio-temporal evolution analysis of the coastline in Hangzhou Bay based on Google Earth Engine and remote sensing technology
ZHU Lin1(), HUANG Yuling1, YANG Gang1(), SUN Weiwei1, CHEN Chao2, HUANG Ke1
1. Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China 2. School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
The continuous monitoring of the dynamic changes in coastlines is crucial to ascertaining the change patterns and evolution characteristics of coastlines. Long-time-series coastline datasets allow for the detailed description of the dynamic changes in coastlines from the spatio-temporal dimensions and further reflect the effects of human activities and natural factors on coastal areas. Therefore, they are conducive to the scientific management and sustainable development of the spatial resources in coastal wetlands. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study analyzed the change in the coastline of Hangzhou Bay during 1990—2019 based on long-time-series Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI images. Using the pixel-level modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) time series reconstruction technology, this study achieved the automatic information extraction of long-time-series coastlines and the analysis of spatio-temporal changes by combining the Otsu algorithm threshold segmentation and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System. The results show that the total coastline length of Hangzhou Bay increased by about 20.69 km during 1990—2019, corresponding to an increase in the land area by about 764.81 km2, with an average annual increase rate of 0.35%. In addition, the average end point rate (EPR) and linear regression rate (LRR) of the coastline were 110.07 m/a and 119.06 m/a, respectively. The analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution of the coastline in Hangzhou Bay over 30 years will provide a basis for the sustainable development and comprehensive management of resources along the coastline in Hangzhou Bay.
朱琳, 黄玉玲, 杨刚, 孙伟伟, 陈超, 黄可. 基于GEE的杭州湾海岸线遥感提取与时空演变分析[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2023, 35(2): 50-60.
ZHU Lin, HUANG Yuling, YANG Gang, SUN Weiwei, CHEN Chao, HUANG Ke. Information extraction and spatio-temporal evolution analysis of the coastline in Hangzhou Bay based on Google Earth Engine and remote sensing technology. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2023, 35(2): 50-60.
Kuleli T, Guneroglu A, Karsli F, et al. Automatic detection of shoreline change on coastal Ramsar wetlands of Turkey[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2011, 38(10):1141-1149.
doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2011.05.006
[2]
Li J, Ye M, Pu R, et al. Spatiotemporal change patterns of coastlines in Zhejiang Province,China,over the last twenty-five years[J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(2):477.
doi: 10.3390/su10020477
[3]
Sui L, Wang J, Yang X, et al. Spatial-temporal characteristics of coastline changes in Indonesia from 1990 to 2018[J]. Sustainability, 2020, 12(8):3242.
doi: 10.3390/su12083242
[4]
Liu L, Xu W, Yue Q, et al. Problems and countermeasures of coastline protection and utilization in China[J]. Ocean and Coastal Management, 2018, 153:124-130.
doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.12.016
Liang L, Liu Q S, Liu G H, et al. Review of coastline extraction methods based on remote sensing images[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2018, 20(12):1745-1755.
Wu Y Q, Liu Z L. Research progress on methods of automatic coastline extraction based on remote sensing images[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2019, 23(4):582-602.
[8]
Toure S, Diop O, Kpalma K, et al. Shoreline detection using optical remote sensing:A review[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2019, 8(2):75.
doi: 10.3390/ijgi8020075
Gao Y, Wang H, Su F Z, et al. Spatial and temporal of continental coastline of China in recent three decades[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2013, 35(6):31-42.
Chen C, Chen H X, Chen D, et al. Coastline extraction and spatial-temporal variations using remote sensing technology in Zhoushan Islands[J]. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources, 2021, 33(2):141-152.doi:10.6046/gtzyyg.2020248.
doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2020248
[11]
Wang D. Remote sensing of the coastline variation of the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the past four decades[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021, 9(12):1318.
doi: 10.3390/jmse9121318
[12]
Vos K, Harley M D, Splinter K D, et al. Sub-annual to multi-decadal shoreline variability from publicly available satellite imagery[J]. Coastal Engineering, 2019, 150:160-174.
doi: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.04.004
[13]
Wei X, Zheng W, Xi C, et al. Shoreline extraction in SAR image based on advanced geometric active contour model[J]. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13(4):642.
doi: 10.3390/rs13040642
[14]
Sagar S, Roberts D, Bala B, et al. Extracting the intertidal extent and topography of the Australian coastline from a 28 year time series of Landsat observations[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2017, 195:153-169.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.04.009
[15]
Sekovski I, Stecchi F, Mancini F, et al. Image classification metho-ds applied to shoreline extraction on very high-resolution multispectral imagery[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2014, 35(10):3556-3578.
doi: 10.1080/01431161.2014.907939
[16]
Nguyen H Q, Takewaka S. Shoreline changes along northern Ibaraki coast after the great East Japan Earthquake of 2011[J]. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13(7):1399.
doi: 10.3390/rs13071399
[17]
Donchyts G, van de Giesen N, Gorelick N. Reconstruction of reservoir and lake surface area dynamics from optical and SAR satellite imagery[C]// International Workshop on the Analysis of Multitemporal Remote Sensing Images, 2017.
[18]
Canny J. A computational approach to edge detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1986 (6):679-698.
pmid: 21869365
[19]
Dai C, Howat I M, Larour E, et al. Coastline extraction from repeat high resolution satellite imagery[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2019, 229:260-270.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.010
[20]
Xu N. Detecting coastline change with all available Landsat data over 1986—2015:A case study for the state of Texas,USA[J]. Atmosphere, 2018, 9(3):107.
doi: 10.3390/atmos9030107
[21]
Jiang W, Ni Y, Pang Z, et al. An effective water body extraction method with new water index for Sentinel-2 imagery[J]. Water, 2021, 13(12):1647.
doi: 10.3390/w13121647
[22]
Bishop-Taylor R, Nanson R, Sagar S, et al. Mapping Australia’s dynamic coastline at mean sea level using three decades of Landsat imagery[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2021, 267:112734.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112734
[23]
Ghosh M K, Kumar L, Roy C. Monitoring the coastline change of Hatiya Island in Bangladesh using remote sensing techniques[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2015, 101:137-144.
doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.12.009
[24]
Cao W, Zhou Y, Li R, et al. Mapping changes in coastlines and tidal flats in developing islands using the full time series of Landsat images[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2020, 239:111665.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2020.111665
[25]
Guo Q. Bangladesh shoreline changes during the last four decades using satellite remote sensing data[D]. Columbus: The Ohio State University, 2017.
[26]
Chunye W, Delu P. Zoning of Hangzhou Bay ecological red line using GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis[J]. Ocean and Coastal Management, 2017, 139:42-50.
doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.01.013
[27]
Chu L, Oloo F, Sudmanns M, et al. Monitoring longterm shoreline dynamics and human activities in the Hangzhou Bay,China,combining daytime and nighttime EO data[J]. Big Earth Data, 2020, 4(3):242-264.
doi: 10.1080/20964471.2020.1740491
[28]
Wang X, Liu Y, Ling F, et al. Spatiotemporal change detection of Ningbo coastline using Landsat time-series images during 1976—2015[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2017, 6(3):68.
doi: 10.3390/ijgi6030068
Jia M M, Liu D W, Wang Z M, et al. Coastline changes in Hangzhou Bay based on object-oriented method using multi-source remote sensing data[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2013, 15(2):262-269.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2013.001262
[30]
Qiu L, Zhang M, Zhou B, et al. Economic and ecological trade-offs of coastal reclamation in the Hangzhou Bay,China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2021, 125:107477.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107477
[31]
Zhou Y, Dong J, Xiao X, et al. Continuous monitoring of lake dynamics on the Mongolian Plateau using all available Landsat imagery and Google Earth Engine[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 689:366-380.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.341
[32]
Gorelick N, Hancher M, Dixon M, et al. Google Earth Engine:Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2017, 202:18-27
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031
Xu H Q. A study on information extraction of water body with the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI)[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2005, 9(5):589-595.
[34]
Zhou J, Jia L, Menenti M. Reconstruction of global MODIS NDVI time series:Performance of harmonic analysis of time series (HANTS)[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2015, 163:217-228.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2015.03.018
[35]
Otsu N. A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics, 1979, 9(1):62-66.
doi: 10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076
[36]
Nausheen N, Seal A, Khanna P, et al. A FPGA based implementation of Sobel edge detection[J]. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 2018, 56:84-91.
doi: 10.1016/j.micpro.2017.10.011
[37]
Himmelstoss E A, Henderson R E, Kratzmann M G, et al. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.0 user guide[R]. U.S.Department of the Interior: U.S.Geological Survey, 2018.
[38]
Zhu Q, Li P, Li Z, et al. Spatiotemporal changes of coastline over the Yellow River Delta in the previous 40 years with optical and SAR remote sensing[J]. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13(10):1940.
doi: 10.3390/rs13101940
Ding X S, Shan X J, Chen Y L, et al. Study on the change rate of shoreline based on Digital Coastal Analysis System (DSAS):Taking the shoreline of the Yellow River Delta and Laizhou Bay as an example[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2018, 37(5):565-575.
Xie D F, Gao S, Pan C H, et al. Modelling macroscale suspended sediment transport patterns in Hangzhou Bay,China[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2012(3):51-56.
[41]
Xie D, Gao S, Wang Z B, et al. Morphodynamic modeling of a large inside sand bar and its dextral morphology in a convergent estuary:Qiantang Estuary,China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2017, 122(8):1553-1572.
Hu C F, Pan C H, Wu X G, et al. Evolution law and mechanism of tidal flats on the south bank of Hangzhou Bay from 1959 to 2019[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2021, 32(2):230-241.
[43]
Chaudhry M H. Open-channel flow[M]. New York: Springer, 2008.
[44]
Jilan S, Kangshan W. Changjiang River plume and suspended sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 1989, 9(1):93-111.
doi: 10.1016/0278-4343(89)90085-X
[45]
Xie D, Pan C, Wu X, et al. The variations of sediment transport patterns in the outer Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay over the last 30 years[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 2017, 122(4):2999-3020.
doi: 10.1002/2016JC012264
Ye X, Wang A J, Ma M, et al. Effects of high-intensity human activities on the environment variations of coastal wetland in the Quanzhou Bay,China[J]. Marine Sciences, 2016, 40(1):94-100.
[47]
Shahtahmassebi A R, Wu C, Blackburn G A, et al. How do modern transportation projects impact on development of impervious surfaces via new urban area and urban intensification? Evidence from Hangzhou Bay Bridge,China[J]. Land Use Policy, 2018, 77:479-497.
doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.05.059
[48]
Tian P, Li J, Cao L, et al. Impacts of reclamation derived land use changes on ecosystem services in a typical gulf of eastern China:A case study of Hangzhou bay[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2021, 132:108259.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108259
2023, Vol. 35 
), 黄玉玲1, 杨刚1(
