Construction and application of a comprehensive drought index based on Copula function on a kilometer scale: A case study of Chongqing, China

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2023097

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Abstract

Drought is identified as one type of the most serious natural disasters affecting agricultural production, and developing a comprehensive drought index holds practical significance for the assessment of drought in various districts and counties in Chongqing. By coupling the soil moisture and precipitation Z-index data downscaled using the XGBoost algorithm and using the Copula function, this study developed a gridded comprehensive drought index CSDIM-A on a kilometer scale with the boundaries of various districts and counties of Chongqing as the spatial division criteria and decades of a month as time units. Using this index, this study assessed the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought and performed an experimental demonstration of the index using Chongqing as the study area. The results indicate that the downscaling enhanced the spatial continuity of remote sensing-based products, thus providing support for the subsequent construction of a comprehensive drought index on a kilometer scale. The generalized extreme value distribution and the t location-scale distribution applied to the fitting of the data distributions of soil moisture and precipitation in most districts and counties of Chongqing, respectively, while the Frank-copula function suited for the fitting of the joint distribution of binary variables on a scale of a month decade. As validated based on soil moisture content, CSDI_M-A can more effectively reflect drought than the precipitation Z-index, with its spatial distribution in various districts and counties consistent with the actual drought data. This indicates that the CSDI_M-A can be used as a reference for drought assessment.

Keywords drought soil moisture precipitation Z-index downscaling comprehensive drought index

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TP753

Issue Date: 03 September 2024

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	Chenfei YANG
	Tianjun WU
	Changpeng WANG
	Lijuan YANG
	Jiancheng LUO
	Xin ZHANG

Cite this article:

Chenfei YANG,Tianjun WU,Changpeng WANG, et al. Construction and application of a comprehensive drought index based on Copula function on a kilometer scale: A case study of Chongqing, China[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2024, 36(3): 117-127.

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https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023097 OR https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2024/V36/I3/117

Fig.1 Scope and elevation of the study area

Fig.2 Research technology roadmap

Fig.3 Flow chart of downscaling remote sensing data

Copula类型		函数形式^①
Gaussian-copula	$p = C G a u s s i a n (u, v) = Φ 2 (Φ - 1 (u), Φ - 1 (v))$
t-copula	$p = C t (u, v) = T 2 (T - 1 (u), T - 1 (v))$
Gumbel-copula	$p = C G u m b e l (u, v) = e x p {- [(- l n u) θ + (- l n v) θ] 1 / θ}$
Clayton-copula	$p = C C l a y t o n (u, v) = (u - θ + v - θ - 1) - 1 / θ$
Frank-copula	$p = C F r a n k (u, v) = - 1 θ l n 1 + (e - θ u - 1) (e - θ v - 1) e - θ - 1$

Tab.1 Two-dimensional Copula function form

Fig.4 Comparison of spatial distribution before and after downscaling on January 1, 2022

Fig.5 Results of K-S test for marginal distribution of soil moisture variables

Fig.6 Results of K-S test for marginal distribution of precipitation variables

Fig.7 Applicability of Copula function in Chongqing City by districts and counties

Fig.8 Correlation of CSDI_M-A and precipitation Z-index with soil moisture

Fig.9 Generalized extreme value distribution fitting effect

Fig.10 Binary Frank-copula distribution function

Fig.11 Spatial distribution of soil moisture, precipitation Z-index and CSDI_M-A index in mid-July 2022 in Shizhu County, Chongqing

Fig.12 Spatial distribution of soil moisture, precipitation Z-index and CSDI_M-A index in Chongqing

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