Land use classification of open-pit mining areas based on multi-source remote sensing time series features and convolutional neural networks
LIU Hao1,2(), DU Shouhang1,2(), XING Jianghe2, LI Jun2, GAO Tianlin2, YIN Chenghong2
1. Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements, Beijing 100055, China 2. College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Resource development in mining areas alters land use patterns and causes ecological damage. This renders land use identification crucial to ecological restoration and management in mining areas. Although remote sensing imagery is widely used for land use classification, the use of a single data source has limitations in the classification for mining areas. Additionally, it is difficult for conventional machine learning algorithms to effectively perform the classification. To improve classification accuracy, this study investigated the eastern part of Dongsheng District, Ordos City as an example to conduct land use classification for mining areas using a convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with multi-source remote sensing data. First, a multi-source remote sensing time series feature set was developed using data from Sentinel-1/2, Luojia-1 01, and the NASA digital elevation model (DEM). Next, optimal features were selected using the Relief-F algorithm combined with a random forest algorithm. Finally, information on surface features was extracted using the ResNet50 CNN model. This facilitated land use classification in the mining area. The results show that the proposed method achieved an overall land use classification accuracy of 95.36% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.942 1, outperforming conventional methods such as the random forest approach. Furthermore, selecting optimal features using Relief-F combined with the random forest approach enhanced the classification accuracy of various classifiers. This study offers a methodological reference for land use classification of mining areas.
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LIU Hao, DU Shouhang, XING Jianghe, LI Jun, GAO Tianlin, YIN Chenghong. Land use classification of open-pit mining areas based on multi-source remote sensing time series features and convolutional neural networks. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(4): 99-107.
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