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Remote Sensing for Natural Resources    2023, Vol. 35 Issue (4) : 149-158     DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2022368
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Remote sensing-based monitoring and evaluation of anthropogenic influences on national marine nature reserves in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2020
YIN Yaqiu1,2,3,4,5,6(), WANG Jing2,3,4,5, YANG Jinzhong6, ZHU Xiaohua2,3,4,5, WANG Liwei2,3,4,5, Xing Yu6, LI Tianqi6, YU Yang7,8()
1. Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China
2. Land Science and Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China
3. Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China
4. Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China
5. Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China
6. China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China
7. China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
8. Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
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Abstract  

Nature Reserves are effective means to protect biodiversity and improve the ecological environment. However, frequent human activities have threatened the ecosystem quality and stability of them. In order to study the use of remote sensing means to monitor and evaluate of human activities influence in the protected area, Dongzhaigang, Tongguling, Sanya Coral Reef and Dazhou Island National Marine Nature Reserves in Hainan Provinces were taken as research areas, and the high spatial resolution remote sensing images from 2016 to 2020 were adopted, to obtain the transformation information of artificial and natural factors through image reprocessing, classification system and interpretation signs establishment, human-computer interpretation and other steps. By collecting the topographic and meteorological data, considering the characteristics of human activity and ecological sensitivity of the local area, 11 evaluation factors including topographic, meteorological and land use types were selected to establish the evaluation index system. Analytic Hierarchy Process method was used to evaluate and grade the degree of human activity influence, and the distribution results of severely affected areas, moderately affected areas, mildly affected areas and non-affected areas were obtained. The results were analyzed and the conclusions can be drawn. The results show that from 2016 to 2020, in Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve, human disturbance is strong, but has a tendency to reduce. Severely and moderately affected areas are distributed in Beigang Island, north of the reserve and mildly affected areas are distributed in the edge of the protected area. Destructions in these areas are mainly caused by construction activities of the village. As to Tongguling Nature Reserve, even though it also has human disturbance, but the overall protection is good. Severely and moderately affected areas are mainly located in the rock park in the north and the Tongguling scenic spot in the east. It is mainly caused by the construction of tourism and transportation facilities. Mildly affected areas are located along the coast of Qishui Bay in the west, mainly caused by real estate development. Human activity disturbance in Sanya Coral Reef Nature Reserve is serious, but has a tendency to decrease. Severely affected areas are mainly located in Luhuitou Peninsula and Yulinjiao area, where vigorous development of tourism real estate destroy forests. Moderately affected areas are located in Ximao Island, mainly caused by the construction of residential areas in the north. No land cover changes caused by human activities are found in the Dazhou Island Nature Reserve. The results can provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of national Marine nature reserves in Hainan Province.
Keywords Hainan Province      National Marine Nature Reserve      remote sensing      human activity     
ZTFLH:  TP79  
Issue Date: 21 December 2023
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Yaqiu YIN
Jing WANG
Jinzhong YANG
Xiaohua ZHU
Liwei WANG
Yu Xing
Tianqi LI
Yang YU
Cite this article:   
Yaqiu YIN,Jing WANG,Jinzhong YANG, et al. Remote sensing-based monitoring and evaluation of anthropogenic influences on national marine nature reserves in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2020[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2023, 35(4): 149-158.
URL:  
https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2022368     OR     https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2023/V35/I4/149
Fig.1  Hainan Island National Marine Nature Reserve distribution map
Fig.2  Technique flowchart
一级分类 二级分类 描述
人工因子 耕地 保护区内人工种植和维护的水田和旱地
园地 保护区内人工种植和维护的果园、茶园等
房屋 保护区内的房屋建筑
道路 保护区内的道路
其他建筑物 保护区内除了房屋、道路之外的其他建筑物
人工湿地 保护区内的水库、养殖场、坑塘、沟渠、废水处理场所等,包括湿地和其附属的人工设施
裸地 保护区内由于人类活动形成的沙地、裸地
天然因子 林地 保护区内自然生长的乔木林、灌木林、竹林等
草地 保护区内自然生长的草地
天然湿地(不包含地表水) 保护区内的海岸带湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地、沼泽湿地去除掉地表水的部分,包括海滩、沼泽、河流滩涂、湖泊滩涂、季节性河流、季节性湖泊等
地表水 保护区内天然的河流水面、湖泊水面等
Tab.1  Classification system of land cover change in nature reserves
一级类 二级类 2016—2017年 2017—2018年 2018—2019年 2019—2020年
自然因子->人工因子 林地->其他建筑物 878.04 2 648.94
林地->道路 539.65 1 358.63
林地->房屋 44 680.34 11 340.62 1 623.31
林地->裸地 4 804.22
草地->房屋 2 646.50
天然湿地->房屋 490.20
地表水->其他建筑物 1 186.61 3 276.25
合计 49 931.14 19 114.64 1 623.31 4 804.22
人工因子->自然因子 房屋->林地 294.74
其他建筑物->林地 309.26
合计 604.00
Tab.2  Land cover change of Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve from 2016 to 2020
一级类 二级类 2016—2017年 2017—2018年 2018—2019年 2019—2020年
自然因子->人工因子 林地->其他建筑 9 696.72 3 616.62
林地->道路 73 561.25 448.41 2 005.94
林地->房屋 1 007.06
林地->裸地 514.67
合计 73 561.25 9 696.72 1 970.14 5 622.56
人工因子->自然因子 道路->林地 3 336.84
道路->草地 4 014.59
房屋->林地 27 439.31
房屋->地表水 2 277.12
房屋->天然湿地 202.29
其他建设用地->草地 3 342.82
其他建设用地->林地 62 032.74 732.44
人工湿地->天然湿地 3 529.52
合计 10 694.25 95 480.98 732.44
Tab.3  Land cover change of Tongguling Nature Reserve from 2016 to 2020
一级类 二级类 2016—2017年 2017—2018年 2018—2019年 2019—2020年
自然因子->人工因子 林地->其他建筑物 198 367.55 60 032.25 6 557.36 8 848.13
林地->道路 21 261.12 938.38 5 302.76 886.21
林地->房屋 119 000.04 22 273.45 8 470.29 9 026.15
林地->裸地 31 726.98 20 553.02
草地->其他建筑物 496.84
草地->裸地 2 260.35
地表水->道路 542.12
地表水->其他建筑物 982.24 600.28
地表水->人工湿地 4 386.19
合计 343 997.14 83 844.36 52 057.39 42 612.82
人工因子->自然因子 房屋->林地 625.29 32.07
其他建筑物->草地 39 454.20
其他建筑物->林地 2 797.42
人工湿地->地表水 6 333.45 3 442.74
裸地->林地 36 308.83
合计 9 756.16 42 896.94 36 340.90
Tab.4  Land cover change of Sanya Coral Reef Nature Reserve from 2016 to 2020
评价因素 评价因子 人类活动影响分级
权重 严重 中度 轻度 无影响 自然保护区
地形 坡度/(°) 0.08/0.05 ≥15 [10,15) [5,10) <5 东寨港
≥40 [30,40) [20,30) <20 铜鼓岭、三亚珊瑚礁
坡向 0.08/0.05 阳坡
[135,225)		 半阳坡
[225,315)		 半阴坡
[45,135)		 阴坡
[0,45),(315,360)
高程/m 0.06/0.04 ≥15 [10,15) [5,10) <5 东寨港
≥250 [150,250) [50,150) <50 铜鼓岭
≥200 [100,200) [20,100) <20 三亚珊瑚礁
气候 降雨量/mm 0.06/0.04 [1 600,2 000) [1 200,1 600) [800,1 200) <800
用地类型 居民点/m2 0.11 ≥2 000 [500,2 000) [0,500) 0
交通设施/m2 0.18 ≥2 000 [500,2 000) [0,500) 0
旅游设施/m2 0.21 ≥2 000 [500,2 000) [0,500) 0
养殖场及附属设施/m2 0.08 ≥2 000 [500,2 000) [0,500) 0
农业设施/m2 0.08 ≥2 000 [500,2 000) [0,500) 0
其他建设用地 0.09 ≥2 000 [500,2 000) [0,500) 0
裸地/m2 0.07 ≥2 000 [500,2 000) [0,500) 0
分级赋值 3 2 1 0
Tab.5  Evaluation index system of human activity impact
Fig.3  Impact assessment of human activity in Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve
Fig.4  Impact assessment of human activity in Tongguling National Nature Reserve
Fig.5  Impact assessment of human activity in Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve
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