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Remote Sensing for Natural Resources    2022, Vol. 34 Issue (2) : 184-193     DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2021182
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Analysis on water conservation function using remote sensing method in the Three Gorges Reservoir area (Chongqing section)
YE Qinyu1,2(), YANG Shiqi1,2(), ZHANG Qiang3, WANG Shu4, HE Zeneng1,2, ZHENG Yinghui3
1. Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
2. Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Agrometeorology and Satellite Remote Sensing, Chongqing 401147, China
3. Chongqing Meteorological Bureau, Chongqing 401147, China
4. National Meteorological Information Center, Beijing 100081, China
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Abstract  

Water conservation is one of the most important functions of an ecosystem and can maintain and provide water resources for the ecosystem and humans. According to the physical meaning of water conservation, this study used leaf area index, vegetation coverage, and evapotranspiration to represent the water conservation of the vegetation layer and used surface temperature, soil moisture content, and slope to represent the water conservation capacity of the soil layer. Then, this study developed a remote sensing monitoring and evaluation model for water conservation through principal component analysis to explore the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the water conservation capacity in the Three Gorges reservoir area. The results show that the water conservation index (WCI) contained the objective information of various indices, could be used to quickly and conveniently assess the water conservation function in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and properly represented the water conservation capacity there. In 2019, the water conservation capacity was unevenly distributed in the Three Gorges reservoir area and was high downstream and low upstream. The northeastern part of Chongqing was dominated by forest ecosystems and had the strongest water conservation function. From 2013 to 2019, the WCI slightly increased in most areas, especially in some parts of Fengdu, Kaizhou, and Yunyang areas.
Keywords water conservation      Three Gorges Reservoir area      ecosystem services      remote sensing     
Corresponding Authors: YANG Shiqi     E-mail: yeqinyu0427@163.com;yangshiqi1980@sina.com
Issue Date: 20 June 2022
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Qinyu YE
Shiqi YANG
Qiang ZHANG
Shu WANG
Zeneng HE
Yinghui ZHENG
Cite this article:   
Qinyu YE,Shiqi YANG,Qiang ZHANG, et al. Analysis on water conservation function using remote sensing method in the Three Gorges Reservoir area (Chongqing section)[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2022, 34(2): 184-193.
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https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2021182     OR     https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2022/V34/I2/184
Fig.1  Administrative map and regional division of the Three Gorges Reservoir area
Fig.2  FY3D image and DEM image of the Three Gorges Reservoir area(Chongqing section)
数据类型 数据精度 数据来源 数据描述
NDVI 空间分辨率250 m,时间分辨率16 d NASA地球科学数据 MODIS植被指数产品,MOD13Q1
叶面积指数 空间分辨率500 m,时间分辨率8 d NASA地球科学数据 MODIS叶面积指数产品,MOD15A2H
地表温度 空间分辨率1 000 m,时间分辨率8 d NASA地球科学数据 MODIS地表温度产品,MOD11A2
蒸散 空间分辨率500 m,时间分辨率8 d NASA地球科学数据 MODIS蒸散产品,MOD16A2
地表分类 空间分辨率500 m,时间分辨率年 NASA地球科学数据 MODIS土地覆盖类型产品,MCD12Q1,IGBP全球植被分类方案将地表覆盖分为17类
坡度 空间分辨率1 000 m 寒区旱区科学数据中心 由中国1 000 m分辨率数字高程模型计算而来
土壤水分 空间分辨率10 km,时间分辨率月 JAXA日本宇宙航空研究开发机构 AMSR2土壤水分产品
Tab.1  Data source and basic information
Fig.3  Spatial distribution of various ecological factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir area(Chongqing section) in 2019
要素 第一主
成分		 第二主
成分		 第三主
成分		 第四主
成分		 第五主
成分		 第六主
成分
叶面积指数 0.64 0.59 -0.31 -0.22 -0.31 0.07
植被覆盖度 0.37 0.17 0.19 0.35 0.74 0.36
蒸散 0.16 -0.06 -0.15 0.88 -0.33 -0.25
土壤含水量 -0.52 0.78 0.26 0.16 0.00 -0.13
地表温度 -0.27 -0.01 -0.16 0.15 -0.32 0.88
坡度 0.29 -0.08 0.87 -0.02 -0.38 0.10
Tab.2  Matrix table of principal component coefficients in 2019
第一主成分 2013年 2014年 2015年 2016年 2017年 2018年 2019年 平均值
叶面积指数 0.60 0.69 0.66 0.71 0.67 0.73 0.64 0.67
植被覆盖度 0.41 0.36 0.40 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.37 0.39
蒸散 0.17 0.14 0.10 0.12 0.03 0.10 0.16 0.12
土壤含水量 -0.49 -0.44 -0.38 -0.39 -0.44 -0.25 -0.52 -0.42
地表温度 -0.33 -0.29 -0.38 -0.29 -0.31 -0.38 -0.27 -0.32
坡度 0.29 0.32 0.34 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.31
Tab.3  The first principal component coefficients from 2013 to 2019
Fig.4  The distribution of WCI in the Three Gorges Reservoir area(Chongqing section) in 2019
生态系统类型(1级) 生态系统类型(2级) 平均WCI



森林		 常绿阔叶林 0.65
常绿针叶林
针阔混交林
落叶阔叶林		 0.72
0.81
0.92
草地 多树草原
稀树草原
草地		 0.68
0.30
0.22
作物 作物
作物和自然植被镶嵌体		 0.15
0.23
城市和建成区
裸地		 城市和建成区
裸地		 -0.13
-0.17
Tab.4  The average WCI of different ecosystem
Fig.5  Spatial characteristic of water conservation importance in the Three Gorges Reservoir area (Chongqing section) in 2019
Fig.6  Changes of annual average and different levels of WCI in the Three Gorges Reservoir area (Chongqing Section) from 2013 to 2019
Fig.7  Spatial pattern of WCI trend in the Three Gorges Reservoir area(Chongqing section) from 2013 to 2019
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